A5042175468- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geological formations and processes
- Landslides and related hazards
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Marine and environmental studies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Geological Formations and Processes Exploration
- Climate variability and models
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Climate change and permafrost
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
University of Iceland
2016-2025
Technical University of Denmark
2007
University of Bristol
1997-2006
Náttúrufræðistofnun
2002-2003
Université Clermont Auvergne
1993
The 39-day long eruption at the summit of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April–May 2010 was modest size but ash widely dispersed. By combining data from ground surveys and remote sensing we show that erupted material 4.8±1.2·1011 kg (benmoreite trachyte, dense rock equivalent volume 0.18±0.05 km3). About 20% lava water-transported tephra, 80% airborne tephra (bulk 0.27 km3) transported by 3–10 km high plumes. mostly fine (diameter <1000 µm). At least 7·1010 (70 Tg) very (<28 µm), several times...
Iceland is one of the most active and productive terrestrial volcanic regions, with eruption frequency ≥20 events per century magma output rates ≥5 km 3 century.Although dominated by mac magmatism volcanism, as evident from 91:6:3 distribution mac, intermediate silicic eruptions, its record also features common types styles.Postglacial volcanism conned to neovolcanic zones where 30 systems are responsible for Holocene activity.On basis our current post-glacial data set we estimate that...
The April-May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajokull volcano (Iceland) was characterized by a nearly continuous injection tephra in the atmosphere that affected various economic sectors Iceland and caused global-wide interruption air traffic. Eruptive activity during 4-8 May based on short-duration physical parameters order to capture transient eruptive behavior long-lasting (i.e., total grainsize distribution, erupted mass rate averaged over 30-minute activity). Resulting distribution both...
Abstract The 2014–2015 Bárðarbunga‐Veiðivötn fissure eruption at Holuhraun produced about 1.5 km 3 of lava, making it the largest in Iceland more than 200 years. Over course eruption, daily volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions exceeded SO from all anthropogenic sources Europe 2010 by least a factor 3. We present surface air quality observations across Northern together with satellite remote sensing data and model simulations for September 2014. show that was transported lowermost...
The effusive six months long 2014-2015 Bárðarbunga eruption (31 August-27 February) was the largest in Iceland for more than 200 years, producing 1.6 ± 0.3 km 3 of lava.The total SO 2 emission 11 5 Mt, amount emitted from Europe 2011.The ground level concentration exceeded 350 µg m -3 hourly average health limit over much days to weeks.Anomalously high concentrations were also measured at several locations September.The lowest pH fresh snowmelt site 3.3, and 3.2 precipitation 105 away...
Abstract. Injection of basaltic magmas into silicic crustal holding chambers and subsequent magma mingling or mixing is a process that has been recognised since the late seventies as resulting in explosive eruptions. Detailed reconstruction assessment caused by such intrusion now possible because exceptional time-sequence sample suite available from tephra fallout 2010 summit eruption at Eyjafjallajökull volcano South Iceland. Fallout 14 to 19 April contains three glass types basaltic,...
Abstract. In order to assist the elaboration of proactive measures for management future volcanic eruptions in Iceland, we developed a new scenario-based approach assess hazard associated with tephra dispersal and sedimentation at various scales multiple sources. The target volcanoes are Hekla, Katla, Eyjafjallajökull Askja, selected either their high probabilities eruption and/or potential impact. By coupling tephrostratigraphic studies, probabilistic techniques modelling, comprehensive...
[1] The April–May 2010 summit eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, was recorded by 14 atmospheric infrasound sensor arrays at ranges between 1,700 and 3,700 km, indicating that from modest-size eruptions can propagate for thousands kilometers in waveguides. Although variations both propagation conditions background noise levels the sensors generate fluctuations signal-to-noise ratios signal detectability, array processing techniques successfully discriminate volcanic ambient coherent...
Abstract. The ice nucleation ability of volcanic ash particles collected close to the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull during its eruptions in April and May 2010 is investigated experimentally, immersion deposition modes, applied atmospheric conditions by comparison with airborne measurements microphysical model calculations. number which are active as nuclei (IN) strongly temperature dependent, a very small minority being mode at temperatures 250–263 K. Average show only moderate effect...
Abstract A large rockslide was released from the inner Askja caldera into Lake Askja, Iceland, on 21 July 2014. Upon entering lake, it caused a tsunami that traveled about ∼3 km across lake and inundated shore with vertical runup measuring up to 60–80 m. Following event, comprehensive field data were collected, including GPS measurements of inundation multibeam echo soundings bathymetry. Using this exhaustive set, numerical modeling has been conducted using both nonlinear shallow water model...
The basalts of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption were first erupted on Reykjanes Peninsula in 781 years and offer a unique opportunity to determine composition mantle underlying Iceland, particular its oxygen isotope (δ18O values). show compositional variations Zr/Y, Nb/Zr Nb/Y values that span roughly half previously described range for Icelandic basaltic magmas signal involvement plume (OIB) Enriched Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (EMORB) magma genesis. Here we δ18O are invariable (mean = 5.4 ±...
Abstract Cyclic behaviour is observed in volcanic phenomena ranging from caldera collapses to explosions, spattering or lava fountaining. The repeating processes can define irregular, regular systematically changing patterns. These patterns yield information about the subsurface structure, which often not considered detail. We analyse pattern of 7058 fountaining episodes that occur between 2 May and 14 June 2021 during Geldingadalir eruption, Iceland. Our seismometer records as tremor...
Volcanic eruptions are common in Iceland with individual volcanic events occurring on average at a 3-4 year interval, small (<0.1 km 3 Dense Rock Equivalent -DRE) happening about once every 4-5 years while the largest ood-basalt (>10 DRE) occur 500-1000 interval.Despite dominance of basalts, explosive more than effusive, since frequent through glaciers give rise to phreatomagmatic activity.The (Volcanic Explosivity Index -VEI 6) or twice per millennium, VEI have recurrence times 10-20...
The 20 March–12 April basaltic effusive eruption at Fimmvörðuháls, southern Iceland, was an important opportunity to directly observe interactions between lava and snow/ice. site has local perennial snowfields snow covered ice, the time of it with additional ∼1–3 m seasonal snow. Syn‐eruption observations snow/ice are grouped into four categories: (1) advancing on top snow, (2) tephra‐covered (3) melting flow margins, (4) flowing beneath Based syn‐ post‐eruption in 2010/11, we conclude that...
Abstract The 31 August 2014 to 27 February 2015 eruption at Holuhraun created the largest lava flow field in Iceland since 1783–1784 Laki eruption. Emplacement of a basaltic this magnitude onto an effectively flat surface (<0.1°) is rare occurrence. Lava discharge rate, fundamental variable that controls emplacement, allows us estimate total volume erupted when integrated over time. Thus, rate data are important for volcano monitoring and modeling. Here we compare rates estimated using...