A5055068197- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Landslides and related hazards
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Astro and Planetary Science
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Marine and environmental studies
- Geological formations and processes
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Climate change and permafrost
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Geological Formations and Processes Exploration
- Geographic Information Systems Studies
University of Iceland
2014-2024
Icelandic Meteorological Office
2024
Nordic Cancer Union
2018
Aarhus University
2007-2013
Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof crustal magma reservoir, forming caldera. Only few such collapses per century, and lack detailed observations has obscured insight into mechanical interplay between eruption. We use multiparameter geophysical geochemical data to show that 110-square-kilometer 65-meter-deep Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal magma, lateral migration 48-kilometers-long dike, from 12-kilometers deep...
Abstract After more than a year of unrest, small effusive eruption commenced in Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, on 19 March 2021. The lasted six months. first weeks were characterized by multiple fissure openings, and the remainder was dominated activity from single crater. During eruption, lava low-level gases propagated over complex terrain: hyaloclastite massif with mountain peaks up to about 350 m asl valleys between. area is uninhabited, but easily accessible at 30 km distance Reykjavík. While...
The effusive six months long 2014-2015 Bárðarbunga eruption (31 August-27 February) was the largest in Iceland for more than 200 years, producing 1.6 ± 0.3 km 3 of lava.The total SO 2 emission 11 5 Mt, amount emitted from Europe 2011.The ground level concentration exceeded 350 µg m -3 hourly average health limit over much days to weeks.Anomalously high concentrations were also measured at several locations September.The lowest pH fresh snowmelt site 3.3, and 3.2 precipitation 105 away...
Abstract The basaltic effusive eruption at Mt. Fagradalsfjall lasted from 19 March to 18 September 2021, ending a 781‐year repose period on Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. By late 33 near real‐time photogrammetric surveys were completed using satellite and airborne images, usually processed within 3–6 hr. results provide unprecedented temporal data sets of lava volume, thickness, effusion rate. This enabled rapid assessment evolution hazards populated areas, important infrastructure, tourist...
During the low-effusion rate Fagradalsfjall eruption (19 March – 18 September 2021), emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) was frequently measured using ground-based UV spectrometers. The total SO2 emitted during entire 970 ± 540 kt, which is only about 6% similar length Holuhraun (2014–2015). divided into five phases based on visual observations, including number active vents and occurrence lava fountaining. ranged from 44 19 kg/s in Phase 2 to 85 29 5, with an average 64 34 for eruption. There...
Following periods of unrest in 2020 and late 2023, a sequence eruptions started December 2023 the Svartsengi system, on Iceland’s Reykjanes peninsula. By end 2024, seven had occurred along Sundhnúksgígar crater row. We undertook extensive sampling campaigns throughout following each eruption order to identify characterise properties pre-eruptive magma accumulation region chemical variability it hosts [1]. While 2021 neighbouring Fagradalsfjall complex provided...
The Svartsengi volcanic system, SW-Iceland, started to show unrest in early 2020 with a series of inflation-deflation cycles. In late October 2023, it inflate at unprecedented rate ~8 mm/day until produced ~15 km long dike intrusion on the 10 November 2023. inflation resumed soon after and has been continuous since, only interrupted by deflation periods concurrent additional injections associated eruptions Sundhnúkur crater row. Geodetic modelling, assuming deformation source within...
We present a morphometric study of 33 basaltic volcanic edifices from the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, using 20 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM). Slope values distinguish subaerial intraglacial eruption environments, with glaciovolcanic having average slope that are > 5° higher than shields. The 26 analyzed separated into 3 groups based on size, and also categorized following new classification scheme tuyas by Russell et al. (2014), 15 tindars, 1 conical tuya, flat-topped 7...
A new object-oriented approach is developed to classify glaciovolcanic landforms (Procedure A) and their landform elements boundaries B). It utilizes the principle that edifices are geomorphometrically distinct from lava shields plains (Pedersen Grosse, 2014), tested on data Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. The outlined procedures utilize slope profile curvature attribute maps (20 m/pixel) classified results evaluated quantitatively through error matrix visual inspection In procedure A, highest...
At the time of writing (January 9, 2024) four basaltic effusive eruptions have taken place on Reykjanes Peninsula, SW Iceland since 2021. This includes three within Fagradalsfjall volcanic system (March 19–September 18, 2021; August 3–21, 2022 and July 10–August 5, 2023) one eruption Svartsengi (December 18–21, 2023). Near real-time photogrammetric monitoring was performed during all results yielded parameters such as lava volumes, thicknesses,...
We report how data from satellite and aerial synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations were integrated into monitoring of the 2014-2015 Holuhraun eruption in Bárðarbunga volcanic system, largest effusive Iceland since 1783-84 Laki eruption. A lava field formed one most remote areas Iceland, after propagation a ~50 km-long dyke beneath Vatnajökull ice cap, where caldera is located. Due to 6 month duration eruption, mainly wintertime, daily was particularly challenging. During European...
Mid-crustal magma domains are the source of many basaltic eruptions. Lavas from individual eruptions often chemically homogeneous, suggesting that they derive single, well-mixed reservoirs. The 2023 to 2024 at Sundhnúksgígar in Svartsengi volcanic system Iceland provide an opportunity observe behavior a mid-crustal domain high spatial and temporal resolution by detailed sampling geochemical characterization. We observed substantial mantle-derived variability products erupted first hours...
Abstract Lava flow thicknesses, volumes, and effusion rates provide essential information for understanding the behavior of eruptions their associated deformation signals. Preeruption posteruption elevation models were generated from historical stereo photographs to produce lava thickness maps last five at Hekla volcano, Iceland. These results precise estimation bulk volumes: V 1947–1948 = 0.742 ± 0.138 km 3 , 1970 0.205 0.012 1980–1981 0.169 0.016 1991 0.241 0.019 2000 0.095 0.005 reveal...
Abstract. The 6-month-long effusive eruption at the Fagradalsfjall volcano in 2021 is most visited site Iceland to date (June 2023), and it needed intense lava flow hazard assessment. In this study we document how strategies for modeling were implemented using stochastic model MrLavaLoba evaluate hazards during event. Overall, purposes threefold: (a) pre-eruption simulations investigate potential inundation of critical infrastructure, (b) syn-eruption short-term (2-week time frame)...
During the emplacement of 2014-2015 lava flow in Holuhraun (Iceland) a newcode for simulation flows (MrLavaLoba) was developed and tested. MrLavaLoba is probabilistic code which derives area likely to be inundated thickness final deposit. The field progressed through fairly flat floodplain, initial limited availability topographic data challenging, forcing us develop specific modeling strategies. development code, as well tests, continued after end eruption, latest results largely benefitted...
The empirical line (EL) calibration method is commonly used for atmospheric correction of remotely sensed spectral images and recovery surface reflectance. current EL-based methods are applicable to calibrate only single images. Therefore, the use EL impractical imaging campaigns, where many (partially overlapped) acquired cover a large area. In addition, results unconstrained an undesired reflectance with negative values or larger than 100% can be obtained. this paper, we standard model...