A5028641924- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Landslides and related hazards
- Karst Systems and Hydrogeology
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Rock Mechanics and Modeling
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Geophysical Methods and Applications
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Marine and environmental studies
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering
- Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Groundwater and Watershed Analysis
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Geological formations and processes
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
University College Dublin
2015-2024
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences
2011-2018
Geological Survey of Ireland
2015
Trinity College Dublin
2005-2009
Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof crustal magma reservoir, forming caldera. Only few such collapses per century, and lack detailed observations has obscured insight into mechanical interplay between eruption. We use multiparameter geophysical geochemical data to show that 110-square-kilometer 65-meter-deep Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal magma, lateral migration 48-kilometers-long dike, from 12-kilometers deep...
[1] Pit craters and calderas are volcanic depressions produced by subsidence of a magma reservoir roof. To identify how geometric mechanical factors may influence the structural evolution this subsidence, we used two-dimensional distinct element method numerical models. The host rock was represented as an assemblage bonded circular particles that interact according to elastic-frictional laws. Varying particle bond properties range bulk material characteristic natural masses. Fracturing...
Interferometry of Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) can potentially contribute to the cost-effective regional or global monitoring degradation and restoration peatlands. However, there are uncertainties about links between InSAR results peatland ecohydrological parameters, especially soil moisture. Here, we analyse relationships temporal evolutions coherence, ground displacements, in-situ moisture measurements for a temperate raised bog at Ballynafagh, Co. Kildare, Ireland, in period...
Peatland surface motion derived from satellite-based Interferometry of Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is potentially a proxy for groundwater level variations and greenhouse gas emissions peat soils. Ground validation these motions at equivalent temporal resolution has proven problematic, either because limitations traditional surveying methods or with past InSAR time-series approaches. Novel camera-based instrumentation enabled in-situ measurement mid-2019 to mid-2022 two large temperate...
Research Article| March 01, 2013 A sagging-spreading continuum of large volcano structure P.K. Byrne; Byrne 1Department Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, D.C. 20015, USA4Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise-Pascal, 5 Rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar E.P. Holohan; Holohan 2School Geological Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland...
Abstract. Mechanical and/or chemical removal of material from the subsurface may generate large cavities, destabilisation which can lead to ground collapse and formation sinkholes. Numerical simulation interaction cavity growth, host deformation overburden is desirable better understand sinkhole hazard but a challenging task due involved high strains discontinuities. Here, we present 2-D distinct element method numerical simulations growth development. Firstly, simulate by quasi-static,...
Magma intrusions grow to their final geometries by deforming the Earth's crust internally and displacing surface. Interpreting related displacements in terms of intrusion geometry is key forecasting a volcanic eruption. While scaled laboratory models enable us study relationships between surface displacement geometry, past approaches entailed limitations regarding imaging model interior or simplicity simulated crustal rheology. Here we apply cutting-edge medical wide beam X-ray Computed...
The Dead Sea region has faced substantial environmental challenges in recent decades, including water resource scarcity, ~ 1 m annual decreases the level, sinkhole development, ascending-brine freshwater pollution, and seismic disturbance risks. Natural processes are significantly affected by human interference as well climate change tectonic developments over long term. To get a deep understanding of their interactions, innovative scientific approaches that integrate disciplinary research...
Corner reflectors (CRs) are artificial installations at specific locations that reflect radar or other electromagnetic waves toward their emission source. There two types of corner reflector: passive CRs lack electronics, while active have electronics to amplify the reflected signals. a high and stable cross section, well-defined scattering centre, easily detectable in image, making them suitable for SAR radiometric, geometric, polarimetric calibration. also used interferometry (InSAR)...
Peatland degradation promotes carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, water quality decline, and slope instability. Effective mitigation of these impacts depends on understanding monitoring peatland ecohydrology across space time. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites enable large-scale at moderate to high spatial resolution and, as SAR penetrates cloud, consistent revisit times. However, exactly how backscatter relates ecohydrology, in both time, is incompletely understood. We investigated...
Abstract Although conventionally described as purely dip‐slip, faults at caldera volcanoes may have a strike‐slip displacement component. Examples occur in the calderas of Olympus Mons (Mars), Miyakejima (Japan), and Dolomieu (La Reunion). To investigate this phenomenon, we use numerical analog simulations subsidence caused by magma reservoir deflation. The models constrain mechanical causes oblique‐slip faulting from three‐dimensional stress field initial elastic phase subsidence....
Regions of temperate oceanic climate have historically represented a challenge for the application satellite-based multi-temporal SAR interferometry. The landscapes such regions are commonly characterized by extensive, seasonally-variable vegetation coverage that can cause low temporal coherence and limit detection capabilities imagery as acquired, instance, previous ERS-1/2 ENVISAT missions. In this work, we exploited enhanced resolution in space time recently deployed Sentinel-1A/B...
Abstract. The 2-D distinct element method (DEM) code (PFC2D_V5) is used here to simulate the evolution of subsidence-related karst landforms, such as single and clustered sinkholes, associated larger-scale depressions. Subsurface material in DEM model removed progressively produce an array cavities; this simulates a network subsurface groundwater conduits growing by chemical/mechanical erosion. growth cavity coupled mechanically gravitationally loaded surroundings, that cavities can grow...
Abstract. Karst groundwater systems are characterized by the presence of multiple porosity types. Of these, subsurface conduits that facilitate concentrated, heterogeneous flow challenging to resolve geologically and geophysically. This is especially case in evaporite karst systems, such as those present on shores Dead Sea, where rapid geomorphological changes linked a fall base level over 35 m since 1967. Here we combine field observations, remote-sensing analysis, geophysical surveying...