A5053753495- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Landslides and related hazards
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Marine and environmental studies
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Geological Formations and Processes Exploration
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Geophysics and Sensor Technology
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Geological formations and processes
- Parental Involvement in Education
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Climate change and permafrost
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
Icelandic Meteorological Office
2016-2025
Met Office
2025
Université Grenoble Alpes
2021
Université Gustave Eiffel
2021
Institut des Sciences de la Terre
2021
University College Dublin
2012
Uppsala University
2005-2009
University of Iceland
2008
Kansas Health Institute
2008
Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof crustal magma reservoir, forming caldera. Only few such collapses per century, and lack detailed observations has obscured insight into mechanical interplay between eruption. We use multiparameter geophysical geochemical data to show that 110-square-kilometer 65-meter-deep Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal magma, lateral migration 48-kilometers-long dike, from 12-kilometers deep...
Abstract After more than a year of unrest, small effusive eruption commenced in Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, on 19 March 2021. The lasted six months. first weeks were characterized by multiple fissure openings, and the remainder was dominated activity from single crater. During eruption, lava low-level gases propagated over complex terrain: hyaloclastite massif with mountain peaks up to about 350 m asl valleys between. area is uninhabited, but easily accessible at 30 km distance Reykjavík. While...
Many examples of exposed giant dike swarms can be found where lateral magma flow has exceeded hundreds kilometers. We show that massive into dikes established with only modest overpressure in a body if large enough pathway opens at its boundary and gradual buildup high tensile stress occurred along the prior to onset diking. This explains rapid initial rates, modeled up about 7400 cubic meters per second ~15-kilometers long, which propagated under town Grindavík, Southwest Iceland, November...
Abstract Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic eruptions, their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates ground displacement number earthquakes escalate before many eruptions 1–3 , as magma forces its way towards surface. However, pre-eruptive patterns vary widely. Here we show how an beginning on 19 March 2021 at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, was preceded by a period tectonic stress release ending with decline in...
Abstract Large volume effusive eruptions with relatively minor observed precursory signals are at odds widely used models to interpret volcano deformation. Here we propose a new modelling framework that resolves this discrepancy by accounting for magma buoyancy, viscoelastic crustal properties, and sustained channels. At low accumulation rates, the stability of deep bodies is governed magma-host rock density contrast body thickness. During eruptions, inelastic processes including mush...
Abstract Entirely covered by the Vatnajökull ice cap, Grímsvötn is among Iceland’s largest and most hazardous volcanoes. Here we demonstrate that fiber-optic sensing technology deployed on a natural floating resonator can detect volcanic tremor at level of few nanostrain/s, thereby enabling new mode subglacial volcano monitoring under harsh conditions. A 12.5 km long cable in May 2021 revealed high local earthquake activity, superimposed onto nearly monochromatic oscillations caldera. High...
Abstract Repeated periods of inflation‐deflation in the vicinity Mt. Þorbjörn‐Svartsengi, SW‐Iceland, were detected January–July, 2020. We used seismic ambient noise and interferometry to characterize temporal variations velocities (dv/v, %). This is first time Iceland that dv/v are monitored near real‐time during volcanic unrest. The station closest inflation source center (∼1 km) showed largest velocity drop (∼1%). Different frequency range measurements, from 0.1 2 Hz, show variations,...
SUMMARY Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a promising technology for providing dense (metre-scale) sampling of the seismic wavefield. However, harnessing this potential earthquake detection with accurate phase picking and associated localization remains challenging. Single-channel algorithms are limited by individual channel noise, while machine learning semblance methods typically imited to specific geological settings, have no physically constrained association and/or require fibre...
Abstract Co‐eruptive volcanic tremor during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption in Iceland (19 March–18 September 2021) is characterized using seismic and visual data recorded close to site across Reykjanes Peninsula. An automatic network‐based approach reveals several patterns associated with seven phases of eruption, including (a) continuous located beneath attributed pressure changes shallow vent system(s) I, III, VII, (b) two minute‐ hour‐long intermittent May (phase II) July–August (phases...
This study addresses the challenge of reliably constraining non-double couple components (NDCCs) in moment tensor solutions for volcano-tectonic earthquakes Iceland. While double-couple models adequately describe most global seismicity, Iceland's complex tectonic setting, featuring rifting and a hotspot, produces diverse seismic sources, some exhibiting significant NDCCs. These components, often dismissed as artifacts, may reflect actual source complexity. We analyze two recent volcanic...
The Tjörnes Fracture Zone (TFZ) in North Iceland links the offshore Kolbeinsey Ridge to onshore Northern Volcanic Zone. About 98% of seismicity TFZ concentrates along Húsavík-Flatey Fault (HFF), a ~120-km-long right-lateral strike-slip fault, and Grímsey Oblique Rift (GOR), an oblique rift with associated volcanism. Many earthquake swarms have occurred during past decades. A notable swarm began on June 19, 2020, HFF lasted until October 2020. It included...
Abstract. A comprehensive catalogue of historical earthquakes, with accurate epicentres and harmonised magnitudes is a crucial resource for seismic hazard mapping. Here we update combine catalogues from several sources to compile earthquakes in near Iceland, the years 1900–2019. In particular are based on local information, whereas teleseismic observations, primarily international online catalogues. The most reliable epicentre information comes Icelandic Meteorological Office, but this...
Recently, several authors have used waiting time distributions for large earthquake data sets to draw conclusions regarding the physics of processes. We show, theoretically and by simulation, that a characteristic kink in observed does not physical significance separating correlated uncorrelated earthquakes. It also follows from our discussion Omori law is trivially related proposed scaling caution must be taken before spatial exponent interpreted as fractal dimension seismicity.
Abstract The massive worldwide deglaciation leads to more frequent slope instabilities in mountainous terrains. physical processes leading such destabilizations are poorly constrained due little monitoring of dynamic parameters at the local scale. Here we study a very large slow‐moving landslide (∼0.8 km 2 ), on flank Tungnakvíslarjökull glacier Iceland. Based combination remote sensing images, monitor and kinematics over 75 years, with focus period 1999–2019 when rapid wastage has been...
We present a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) experiment at Grímsvötn, Iceland. This is intended to investigate volcano-microseismicity Grímsvötn specifically, and assess the suitability of DAS as subglacial volcano monitoring tool in general. In spring 2021, we trenched 12 km long fiber-optic cable into ice sheet around within caldera, followed by nearly one month continuous recording. An image processing algorithm that exploits spatial coherence data detects on average ~100 events per...
Research Article| March 01, 2016 The Virtual Seismologist in SeisComP3: A New Implementation Strategy for Earthquake Early Warning Algorithms Yannik Behr; Behr aSwiss Seismological Service, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Switzerlandbehr@sed.ethz.ch Search other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar John F. Clinton; Clinton Carlo Cauzzi; Cauzzi Egill Hauksson; Hauksson bCalifornia Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, 91125 U.S.A. Kristín Jónsdóttir;...
We report how data from satellite and aerial synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations were integrated into monitoring of the 2014-2015 Holuhraun eruption in Bárðarbunga volcanic system, largest effusive Iceland since 1783-84 Laki eruption. A lava field formed one most remote areas Iceland, after propagation a ~50 km-long dyke beneath Vatnajökull ice cap, where caldera is located. Due to 6 month duration eruption, mainly wintertime, daily was particularly challenging. During European...
<p>The Reykjanes Peninsula in south-west Iceland straddles the North-America - Eurasia plate boundary and hosts several active volcanic systems, including Svartsengi system. The last eruption this area took place around 1240 CE, with eruptive episodes recurring every 800-1000 years, affecting one system at a time, but spanning multiple systems  with activity spaced ~100 to 200 years. In January 2020, unrest was identified Svartsengi, characterized by intense...