A5043334052- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Climate change and permafrost
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Landslides and related hazards
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Geological formations and processes
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Marine and environmental studies
- Geographic Information Systems Studies
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Archaeological Research and Protection
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Environmental and Cultural Studies in Latin America and Beyond
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Geological Formations and Processes Exploration
- Science, Technology, and Education in Latin America
Landsvirkjun (Iceland)
2020-2025
University of Iceland
2015-2024
Université de Toulouse
2016-2023
Laboratoire d’Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales
2016-2023
Icelandic Tourism Research Centre
2023
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2016-2021
Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
2019
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
2019
Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof crustal magma reservoir, forming caldera. Only few such collapses per century, and lack detailed observations has obscured insight into mechanical interplay between eruption. We use multiparameter geophysical geochemical data to show that 110-square-kilometer 65-meter-deep Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal magma, lateral migration 48-kilometers-long dike, from 12-kilometers deep...
Abstract. In response to climate change, most glaciers are losing mass and hence contribute sea-level rise. Repeated accurate mapping of their surface topography is required estimate balance extrapolate/calibrate sparse field glaciological measurements. this study we evaluate the potential sub-meter stereo imagery from recently launched Pléiades satellites derive digital elevation models (DEMs) changes. Our five evaluation sites, where nearly simultaneous measurements were collected, located...
Abstract The basaltic effusive eruption at Mt. Fagradalsfjall lasted from 19 March to 18 September 2021, ending a 781‐year repose period on Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. By late 33 near real‐time photogrammetric surveys were completed using satellite and airborne images, usually processed within 3–6 hr. results provide unprecedented temporal data sets of lava volume, thickness, effusion rate. This enabled rapid assessment evolution hazards populated areas, important infrastructure, tourist...
Abstract. In this paper we describe how recent high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) can be used to extract glacier surface DEMs from old aerial photographs and evaluate the uncertainty of mass balance record derived DEMs. We present a case study for Drangajökull ice cap, NW Iceland. This cap covered an area 144 km2 when it was surveyed with airborne lidar in 2011. Aerial spanning all or most are available survey flights 1946, 1960, 1975, 1985, 1994 2005. All ground control points...
Abstract In this paper, we give an overview of changes in area, length, surface elevation and mass balance glaciers mainland Norway since the 1960s. Frontal advances have been recorded all regions except northernmost Troms Finnmark (Storsteinsfjellbreen, Lyngen Langfjordjøkelen). More than half observed glaciers, 27 49, had marked 1990s. The glaciological mass-balance values for period 1962–2018, where 43 measured, show great inter-annual variability. results reveal accelerated deficit 2000,...
The volume of glaciers in Iceland (∼3,400 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">k</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> 2019) corresponds to about 9 mm potential global sea level rise. In this study, observations from 98.7% glacier covered areas (in are used construct a record mass change Icelandic since the end 19th century i.e. Little Ice Age (LIA) Iceland....
Abstract We present geodetic mass-balance estimates for ten glaciers (22.6 ± 1.1 km 2 ) around Volcán Domuyo between 1962 and 2020 (and 46 covering 29 1.5 1984 2020), derived from airborne, ASTER Pléiades imagery. Overall, we find a slightly negative mass balance (−0.15 0.09 m w.e. –1 the entire 1962–2020 time span. A closer inspection of sub-periods reveals, however, an increasingly with time. The shifted moderately positive +0.28 0.13 1984, to strongly −0.99 0.19 2012 2020. An increase in...
Along with glaciers, polar ice sheets are a major contributor to sea level rise and their losses accelerating. Since 2012, intercomparison exercises have combined estimates of sheet mass change from various methods (gravimetry, altimetry input/output method). However, the consensus displayed in these intercomparisons hides sometimes strong divergences between different because each one presents drawbacks. In particular, method, whether based on radar or laser measurements, has resolution...
The subglacial lake Gr&#237;msv&#246;tn in central Vatnaj&#246;kull ice cap (Iceland), collects surface meltwater as well produced by volcanic and powerful geothermal activity. is released j&#246;kulhlaups almost annually recent times. flood route out of beneath its seal has been at similar location since 1996 when a massive j&#246;kulhlaup (net volume 3.6 km3 ~40,000 m3 s-1 peak discharge) caused an eruption north the drained via new route. Here we present bedrock map 6...
Changes in glacial loading of M&#253;rdalsj&#246;kull icecap impact the dynamic behavior subglacial volcano Katla. Here, we are quantifying changes since 2010 with a daily resolution. This will improve understanding Katla's response to both, long-term and seasonal changes.To reconcile temporally sparse but highly accurate data from spaceborne altimetry (ArcticDEM, Pl&#233;iades IceSat2) higher temporal resolution surface mass balance products derived weather reanalysis CARRA,...
ABSTRACT Mass-balance measurements of Icelandic glaciers are sparse through the 20th century. However, large archive stereo images available allows estimates glacier-wide mass balance ( $\dot{B}$ ) in decadal time steps since 1945. Combined with climate records, they provide further insight into glacier–climate relationship. This study presents a workflow to process aerial photographs (1945–1995), spy satellite imagery (1977–1980) and modern (since 2000) using photogrammetric techniques...
Abstract. Sub-meter resolution, stereoscopic satellite images allow for the generation of accurate and high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) over glaciers ice caps. Here, repeated stereo Drangajökull cap (NW Iceland) from Pléiades WorldView2 (WV2) are combined with in situ estimates snow density densification firn fresh to provide first glacier-wide geodetic winter mass balance obtained imagery. Statistics snow- ice-free areas reveal similar vertical relative accuracy (< 0.5 m)...
Abstract Non-surface mass balance is non-negligible for glaciers in Iceland. Several Icelandic are the neo-volcanic zone where a combination of geothermal activity, volcanic eruptions and heat flux much higher than global average lead to basal melting close 150 mm w.e. −1 Mýrdalsjökull ice cap 75 largest cap, Vatnajökull. Energy dissipation flow water also rather large high-precipitation, temperate Iceland resulting internal 20–150 . The total non-surface 1995–2019 was 45–375 on main caps,...
Abstract The massive worldwide deglaciation leads to more frequent slope instabilities in mountainous terrains. physical processes leading such destabilizations are poorly constrained due little monitoring of dynamic parameters at the local scale. Here we study a very large slow‐moving landslide (∼0.8 km 2 ), on flank Tungnakvíslarjökull glacier Iceland. Based combination remote sensing images, monitor and kinematics over 75 years, with focus period 1999–2019 when rapid wastage has been...
Abstract In the last 130 years, Icelandic glaciers have experienced significant mass loss, and numerous paraglacial slope failures been documented in country. One such failure occurred late February 2013, when a large landslide fell onto Svínafellsjökull outlet glacier southeast Iceland. Digital elevation models aerial imagery were used to quantify glacial changes leading up event, reconstructing processes that during effects of debris on surface. Between 1994 thinning glacier‐retreat...
At the time of writing (January 9, 2024) four basaltic effusive eruptions have taken place on Reykjanes Peninsula, SW Iceland since 2021. This includes three within Fagradalsfjall volcanic system (March 19&#8211;September 18, 2021; August 3&#8211;21, 2022 and July 10&#8211;August 5, 2023) one eruption Svartsengi (December 18&#8211;21, 2023). Near real-time photogrammetric monitoring was performed during all results yielded parameters such as lava volumes, thicknesses,...
Abstract. Spaceborne digital elevation models (DEMs) of glaciers are essential to describe their health and contribution river runoff sea level rise. Publicly available DEMs derived from sub-meter satellite stereo imagery were, up now, mainly in the polar regions High Mountain Asia. Here, we present Pléiades Glacier Observatory (PGO), a scientific program acquiring 0.7 m pairs for 140 sites Earth's glacierized areas. The PGO product consists freely at 2 20 ground sampling distance together...
A national glacier outline inventory for several different times since the end of Little Ice Age (LIA) in Iceland has been created with input from research groups and institutions, submitted to GLIMS (Global Land Measurements Space, nsidc.org/glims) database, where it is openly available. The outlines have revised updated consistency most representative chosen. maximum extent during LIA was not reached simultaneously Iceland, but many glaciers started retreating their outermost moraines...
To date, most mass balance studies in Iceland have concentrated on the three largest ice caps. This study turns focus towards smaller Icelandic glaciers, presenting geodetic mass-balance estimates for 14 of them (total area 1010 km 2 2017) from 1945 to 2017, decadal time spans. These distributed over country, are subject different climatic forcing. The balance, derived airborne and spaceborne stereo imagery lidar, is correlated with precipitation air temperature by a first-order equation...
Abstract Lava flow thicknesses, volumes, and effusion rates provide essential information for understanding the behavior of eruptions their associated deformation signals. Preeruption posteruption elevation models were generated from historical stereo photographs to produce lava thickness maps last five at Hekla volcano, Iceland. These results precise estimation bulk volumes: V 1947–1948 = 0.742 ± 0.138 km 3 , 1970 0.205 0.012 1980–1981 0.169 0.016 1991 0.241 0.019 2000 0.095 0.005 reveal...
We present results from recent low frequency radio echo-sounding (RES) campaigns over the icecovered caldera of Katla central volcano, beneath Mýrdalsjökull ice cap, southern Iceland. The current RES-survey both partly repeats and enhances RES-profile grid a previous survey in 1991 with denser sounding lines improved instruments. RES-data, obtained 2012–2021, include ∼760 km 2D migrated RES-profiles covering an area 116 km². Around 14 km² subsections this were surveyed 20 m apart allowing 3D...
Abstract — A national glacier outline inventory for several different times since the end of Little Ice Age (LIA) in Iceland has been created with input from research groups and institutions, submitted to GLIMS (Global Land Measurements Space, nsidc.org/glims) database, where it is openly available. The outlines have revised updated consistency most representative chosen. maximum extent during LIA was not reached simultaneously Iceland, but many glaciers started retreating their outermost...