A5032592472- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- GNSS positioning and interference
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Landslides and related hazards
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Geological Formations and Processes Exploration
- Geological formations and processes
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Marine and environmental studies
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Inertial Sensor and Navigation
- Geophysics and Sensor Technology
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
GNS Science
2014-2024
University of Iceland
2001-2021
Crown Research Institutes
2015-2021
University of Arizona
2006-2012
University of Alaska Fairbanks
2001-2006
United States Geological Survey
2003
Central Washington University
2003
Alaska Department of Natural Resources
2003
Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys
2003
University of Alaska System
2003
An earthquake with a dozen faults The 2016 moment magnitude ( M w ) 7.8 Kaikōura was one of the largest ever to hit New Zealand. Hamling et al. show new slip model that it an incredibly complex event. Unlike most earthquakes, multiple ruptured generate ground shaking. A remarkable 12 overall, rupture jumping between located up 15 km away from each other. should motivate rethinking certain seismic hazard models, which do not presently allow for this unusual pattern. Science , issue p. eaam7194
The MW (moment magnitude) 7.9 Denali fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 was associated with 340 kilometers of surface rupture and the largest strike-slip in North America almost 150 years. It illuminates mechanics hazards large faults. began thrusting previously unrecognized Susitna Glacier fault, continued right-slip then took a right step Totschunda fault. There is good correlation between geologically observed geophysically inferred moment release. produced unusually strong distal...
Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof crustal magma reservoir, forming caldera. Only few such collapses per century, and lack detailed observations has obscured insight into mechanical interplay between eruption. We use multiparameter geophysical geochemical data to show that 110-square-kilometer 65-meter-deep Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal magma, lateral migration 48-kilometers-long dike, from 12-kilometers deep...
Coseismic coastal deformation is often used to understand slip on offshore faults in large earthquakes but the 2016 MW7.8 Kaikōura earthquake multiple ruptured across and sub-parallel coastline. Along ∼110 km of coastline, a rich dataset comprising airborne lidar differencing, field surveying satellite geodesy reveals highly variable vertical displacements, ranging from −2.5 6.5 m. These inform refined model for which incorporates changes inclusion an reverse crustal fault that accounts...
Many examples of exposed giant dike swarms can be found where lateral magma flow has exceeded hundreds kilometers. We show that massive into dikes established with only modest overpressure in a body if large enough pathway opens at its boundary and gradual buildup high tensile stress occurred along the prior to onset diking. This explains rapid initial rates, modeled up about 7400 cubic meters per second ~15-kilometers long, which propagated under town Grindavík, Southwest Iceland, November...
During the first 2 years following 2002 M w = 7.9 Denali, Alaska, strike‐slip earthquake, a large array of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers recorded rapid postseismic surface motions extending at least 300 km from rupture and rates more than 100 mm/yr in near field. Here we use three‐dimensional (3‐D) viscoelastic finite element models to infer mechanisms responsible for these observations. We consider afterslip both an inversion GPS displacements stress‐driven forward models,...
We present crustal deformation results from a geodetic experiment (Retreating‐Trench, Extension, and Accretion Tectonics (RETREAT)) focused on the northern Apennines orogen in Italy. The centers 33 benchmarks measured with GPS annually or more frequently between 2003 2007, supplemented by data an additional older set of 6 campaign observations stations Croatia, 187 continuous within around In attempt to achieve best possible estimates for rates their uncertainties, we estimate filter common...
Abstract The 2016 M W 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake ruptured a complex sequence of strike‐slip and reverse faults in New Zealand's northeastern South Island. In the months following earthquake, time‐dependent inversions Global Positioning System interferometric synthetic aperture radar data reveal up to 0.5 m afterslip on subduction interface beneath northern Island underlying crustal that earthquake. This is clear evidence far southern end Hikurangi zone accommodates plate motion. also triggered...
Abstract Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic eruptions, their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates ground displacement number earthquakes escalate before many eruptions 1–3 , as magma forces its way towards surface. However, pre-eruptive patterns vary widely. Here we show how an beginning on 19 March 2021 at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, was preceded by a period tectonic stress release ending with decline in...
Abstract Anticipating and managing the impacts of sea‐level rise for nations astride active tectonic margins requires understanding rates sea surface elevation change in relation to coastal land elevation. Vertical motion (VLM) can either exacerbate or reduce changes with varying significantly along a coastline. Determining rate, pattern, variability VLM near coasts leads direct improvement location‐specific relative level (RSL) estimates hazard risk assessment. Here, we utilize vertical...
Research Article| August 01, 2009 Active aseismic creep on the Alto Tiberina low-angle normal fault, Italy Sigrún Hreinsdóttir; Hreinsdóttir 1Department of Geosciences, University Arizona, Gould-Simpson #77, 1040 E 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Richard A. Bennett Author and Article Information Publisher: Geological Society America Received: 13 May 2008 Revision 05 Mar Accepted: 18 First Online: 03 2017 Online ISSN:...
On 2008 May 29 an earthquake doublet shook the southwestern part of Iceland. The first main shock originated beneath Mt Ingólfsfjall, located near western margin South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) approximately 40 km east capital Reykjavík. Immediate aftershock activity was recorded by SIL seismic network, operated Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), with both N–S and E–W structures illuminated over a broad area. A continuous GPS (CGPS) also IMO, coseismic offsets up to 200 mm horizontal...
Research Article| January 01, 2008 Eocene to present subduction of southern Adria mantle lithosphere beneath the Dinarides Richard A. Bennett; Bennett 1University Arizona, Department Geosciences, 1040 East 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Sigrún Hreinsdóttir; Hreinsdóttir Goran Buble; Buble Tomislav Bašić; Bašić 2Faculty Geodesy, University Zagreb and Croatian Geodetic Institute, 10144, Croatia Željko Bačić; Bačić 3Croatian...
We collate nearly two decades of campaign GPS data gathered at over 900 sites throughout New Zealand to release a nationwide velocity field. The span the entire North and South islands with typical spacing 10–20 km denser network (c. 2–8 spacing) in Wellington region, central Taupo Volcanic Zone parts Arthur's Pass area. dataset provides most comprehensive-to-date view crustal deformation within Australia–Pacific plate boundary zone region. discuss acquisition, processing derivation...
Abstract Measuring the deformation at Earth's surface over a range of spatial and temporal scales is vital for understanding seismic hazard, detecting volcanic unrest, assessing effects vertical land movements (VLMs) on sea level rise. Here, we combine ∼10 years Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations from Envisat with interseismic campaign continuous GNSS velocities to build high‐resolution velocity field New Zealand. Exploiting horizontal observations, estimate...
We present the first results from a dense network of 36 campaign and 46 continuous GPS stations located in Eastern Transverse Ranges Province (ETR), transition zone between southernmost San Andreas fault (SSAF) eastern California shear (ECSZ). analyzed data together with available for period 1994–2009. used velocity estimates to constrain elastic block models investigate fault‐loading rates representing four hypotheses characterized by different fault‐block geometries. Fault‐block scenarios...
Induced seismicity is often associated with fluid injection but only rarely linked to surface deformation. At the Hellisheidi geothermal power plant in south-west Iceland we observe up 2 cm of displacements during 2011–2012, indicating expansion crust. The occurred at same time as a strong increase was detected and coincide initial phase wastewater reinjection Hellisheidi. Reinjection started on September 1, 2011 flow rate around 500 kg/s. Micro-seismicity increased immediately area north...
Two types of signals are clearly visible in continuous GPS (cGPS) time-series Iceland, particular the vertical component. The first one is a yearly seasonal cycle, usually sinusoid-like with minimum spring and maximum fall. second trend uplift, higher values closer cGPS stations to centre Iceland ice caps. Here, we study cycle signal by deriving its average at 71 sites Iceland. We estimate annual semi-annual components their horizontal using least-squares adjustment. peak-to-peak amplitude...