The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is characterized by its ability to: (a) degrade glucose or fructose to ethanol, even in the presence of oxygen (Crabtree effect); (b) grow absence oxygen; and (c) generate respiratory‐deficient mitochondrial mutants, so‐called petites. How unique are these properties among yeasts clade, what their origin? Recent progress genome sequencing has elucidated phylogenetic relationships complex, providing a framework for understanding evolutionary history several...

ABSTRACT The genus Saccharomyces consists of several species divided into the sensu stricto and lato groups. genomes these differ in number organization nuclear chromosomes size mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In present experiments we examined whether yeasts can exchange thereby create novel combinations genetic material. Several putative haploid, heterothallic yeast strains were isolated from different species. All secreted an a- or α-like pheromone recognized by S. cerevisiae tester strains....

The aim of this work was to find a reliable nested PCR for the detection Helicobacter pylori in biopsy, stool, and saliva specimens.Novel elaborated validated on 81 clinical samples from same individual compared available H assays: histology, rapid urease test (RUT), stool antigen (SAT), 13 C-urea breath (UBT).The efficiency selectivity 17 published polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were re-evaluated. Most them had serious limitations mistakes primer design. Hence, we unambiguous...

RNase P from the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to near homogeneity > 1800-fold with a yield 1.6% mitochondrial extracts. The most abundant protein in fractions is, at 105 kDa, considerably larger than 14-kDa bacterial subunits. Oligonucleotides designed amino-terminal sequence 105-kDa were used identify and isolate protein-encoding gene. Strains carrying disruption gene for are viable but respiratory deficient accumulate tRNA precursors 5' extensions. As this is...

A number of mutants with pleiotropic effects on mitochondrial metabolism have been isolated in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and for many the biochemical function that is impaired not yet known. We report here isolation characterization LIP5 gene involved lipoic acid which complements g189 mutant (Tzagoloff, A., Dieckmann, C. L. (1990) Microbiol. Rev. 54, 211-225). DNA sequence analysis complementing genomic revealed an open reading frame predicting a protein 414 amino acids. The deduced...

Nucleo-mitochondrial interactions, particularly those determining the primary divergence of biological species, can be studied by means xenomitochondrial cybrids, which are cells where original mitochondria substituted their counterparts from related species. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cybrids prepared simply mating ρ(0) strain with impaired karyogamy and germinating spores other species fall into three categories. Cybrids compatible mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) paradoxus CBS 432 cariocanus 7994...

The progenitor of the Dekkera/Brettanomyces clade separated from Saccharomyces/Kluyveromyces over 200 million years ago. However, within both clades, several lineages developed similar physiological traits. Both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Dekkera bruxellensis are facultative anaerobes; in presence excess oxygen sugars, they accumulate ethanol (Crabtree effect) spontaneously generate respiratory-deficient mutants (petites). In order to understand role respiratory metabolism, mitochondrial...

The yeast Saccharomyces are widely used to test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses. A large number of nuclear genomic DNA sequences available, but mitochondrial data insufficient. We completed (mtDNA) sequencing from Illumina MiSeq reads for all species. All circularly mapped molecules decreasing in size with phylogenetic distance cerevisiae similar gene content including regulatory selfish elements like origins replication, introns, free-standing open reading frames or GC clusters....

We determined the complete sequence of 71 355-bp-long mitochondrial genome from Saccharomyces paradoxus entirely by direct sequencing purified DNA (mtDNA). This mtDNA possesses same features as its close relative cerevisiae – A + T content 85.9%, set genes coding for three components cytochrome oxidase, b, subunits ATPase, both ribosomal subunits, gene protein, rnpB gene, tRNA package (24) and yeast genetic code. Genes are interrupted nine group I II introns, two which in positions unknown...

A collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains deficient in the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes activities has been examined for production beer with reduced ethanol content. Strains fumarase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase encoded by genes FUM1 (0.48%), KGD1 (0.42%) KGD2 (0.48%) made non-alcoholic beers an alcohol content lower than 0.5% (v/v). The rest yeast mutants also gave rise to low-alcoholic but a slightly elevated concentration (mostly range 0.57-0.84% 1.64% lip5 mutant). Low...

Forty isolates belonging to the Saccharomyces sensu lato complex were analyzed for one nuclear and two mitochondrial sequences, their karyotypes. These data are useful description definition of yeast species based on phylogenetic concept. The deduced relationships among sequences usually similar, suggesting that horizontal transfer/introgression has not been frequent. highest degree polymorphism was observed at chromosome level. Even which had identical often exhibited variation in number...

Rpm2p is a protein subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast mitochondrial RNase P, an enzyme which removes 5' leader sequences from tRNA precursors. Precursor tRNAs accumulate in strains carrying disrupted allele RPM2. The resulting defect synthesis causes petite mutants to form. We report here that alteration the biogenesis Rpm1r, P RNA subunit, another consequence disrupting High-molecular-weight transcripts accumulate, and no mature Rpm1r produced. Transcript mapping reveals smallest...

Petite-positivity - the ability to tolerate loss of mtDNA was examined after treatment with ethidium bromide (EB) in over hundred isolates from Saccharomyces/Kluyveromyces complex. The identity petite mutants confirmed by specific DAPI staining patterns. Besides unequivocal petite-positive and petite-negative phenotypes, a few species exhibited temperature sensitive positive phenotype petiteness other could be observed only at elevated EB concentrations. Several yeast displayed mixed 'moot'...

Ten strains of an asexual arthroconidial yeast species were isolated from Bryndza, a traditional Slovak artisanal sheep cheese, which was manufactured raw milk during 4-month summer production period at two Slovakian sites (the northern Ružomberok and the central-southern Tisovec areas). Sequence comparison D1/D2 domains large-subunit rRNA gene revealed that this represents novel genus Geotrichum, contains anamorphs ascogenous Galactomyces, for name Geotrichum bryndzae sp. nov. is proposed...

Abstract mtDNA recombination events in yeasts are known, but altered mitochondrial genomes were not completed. Therefore, we analyzed recombined mtDNAs six Saccharomyces cerevisiae × paradoxus hybrids detail. Assembled molecules contain mostly segments with variable length introgressed to other mtDNA. All sites the vicinity of mobile elements, introns cox1 , cob genes and free standing ORF1 ORF4. The transplaced regions involve co-converted proximal exon regions. Thus, these selfish elements...

RPM2 is identified here as a high-copy suppressor of isp42-3, temperature-sensitive mutant allele the mitochondrial protein import channel component, Isp42p. already has an established role component yeast RNase P, ribonucleoprotein enzyme required for 5' processing precursor tRNAs. A relationship between tRNA and not readily apparent, and, indeed, two functions can be separated. Truncation mutants lacking detectable P activity still suppress isp42-3 growth defect. Moreover, normal...

Chlamydia are Gram-negative, intracellular pathogens colonizing the epithelial mucosa. They cause primarily atypical pneumonia and have recently been associated with chronic diseases. Diagnostics rely almost exclusively on serological methods; PCR tests used rarely because in patients positive ELISA, it is nearly impossible to identify chlamydial DNA. To understand this issue, we elaborated a reliable sensitive nested method (panNPCR) for identifying all Chlamydiales species, not only sputa,...

Abstract The killing/immunity interactions among killer strains of the genera Kluyveromyces , Hansenula and Saccharomyces from Czechoslovak Collection Yeasts were studied with aim to find broad specificity activity targeted against a range undesirable wild yeasts causing stuck fermentations. Among 49 tested strains, five found, 55 ten yeast found sensitive strain Saccharomyces. mrakii CCY 38‐7‐1 saturnus var. subsufficiens 38‐4‐2 showed exceptional wine contaminants, Zygosaccharomyces bailii...

Optimal interactions among nuclear and mitochondria-coded proteins are required to assemble functional complexes of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The communication between the genomes has been studied by transplacement mitochondria from related species into mutants devoid DNA (ρ°). Recently we have reported that transferred Saccharomyces paradoxus restored partially respiration in cerevisiaeρ° mutants. Here present evidence S. cerevisiae completely salvage deficiency, not only...