The 16 EPA PAHs have played an exceptionally large role above all in environmental and analytical sciences the last 40 years, but now there are good reasons to question their utility many circumstances even though use is so established comfortable. Here we review why list has been successful sometimes it seen as less relevant. Three groups of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) missing: larger highly relevant PAHs, alkylated PACs, containing heteroatoms. Attempts improve situation for...

The chemical group of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), including the better-known subgroup hydrocarbons (PAH) and heterocyclic (NSO-PAC, heterocycles), comprise several thousand individual compounds. It is hard to find a comprehensive overview in literature these PACs that includes substantial amount relevant properties. Here an attempt made summarize most studied but also some less well-known PACs. In addition basic data such as recommended names, abbreviations, CAS numbers, molecular...

Millions of tons vacuum residues are produced in refineries every year and could be a potentially valuable resource for generating electricity has possible application as heating marine fuel. In this work, the polycyclic aromatic sulfur compounds (PASHs) from fraction residue before after partial hydrodesulfurization (HDS) were derivatized by methylation to methylsulfonium salts. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry provided high-resolution data on these...

Through different windows: One major obstacle in energy research is the complexity and variety of compounds present crude oil. A study ionization methods for mass spectrometry shows that spectrum very strongly depends on which method used.

Abstract – A cooperative effort gathered a large European length‐at‐age data set ( N = 45,759, Lat. 36S–61N Long. 10W–27E) for Anguilla anguilla , covering one century. To assess the effect of global warming during last century and habitat effects on growth, model was fitted representing conditions met at distribution area scale. Two GLMs were designed to predict eel log(GR): whole other female subset. selection procedure applied select best predictors among sex, age class, five temperature...

Elemental patterns are often used for the classification or identification of origin wines. A prerequisite is that concentration elements not strongly influenced by addition different substances such as yeast and fining products during winemaking process. Inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been in this study to determine total 63 (including some nonmetals rare earth elements) five German white wines from regions origin. The whole process was studied, must ready wine....

The distribution pattern of polycyclic sulfur aromatics was established in three Saudi Arabian crude oils using a combination liquid chromatography on bonded Pd(II) phase and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. highest double bond equivalent (DBE) measured 17 for the heavy oil 14 both medium light crudes. high DBE number indicates presence large variety parent ring systems; knowledge them is important characterization crudes with respect to their processing...

The high complexity of crude oil makes the use chromatographic separation an important tool especially for sample simplification. coupling normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a polar aminocyano column to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer offers best attributes good prior ultrahigh resolution spectrometry (MS) detection. Atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI) was used as technique analyze nitrogen-containing aromatic...

A procedure is proposed for the determination of authenticity white wines from four German wine-growing regions (Baden, Rheingau, Rheinhessen, and Pfalz) based on their content some major, trace, ultratrace elements. One hundred twenty-seven wine samples possessing a certificate origin, all 2000 vintage, were analyzed. The concentrations 13 elements (Li, B, Mg, Ca, V, Mn, Co, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cs, Pb) determined in diluted 1:20 by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry...

A liquid chromatographic separation of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) from the hydrocarbons (PAHs) is recommended to avoid interferences PAHs ensure that PASH determination reliable when gas chromatography with mass-selective detection employed. Examples are included show this also allows be analyzed correctly without interference PASHs. Sulfur compounds frequently determined in geochemical investigations crude oils, source rocks, and environmental samples used as markers...

Photooxidation of crude oil components is an important process that removes pollutants from the environment. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are known to be toxic many life forms, but little about their photooxidation products in aqueous phase. We here identify a large number photoproducts 11 benzothiophenes, polycyclic sulfur heterocycle major representative PACs oil. The investigated contain two four methyl groups and ethyl or n-octyl group. In water, arise through oxidation alkyl...

Cormorants and other wildlife populations have come in real or perceived conflicts with humans over exploited fish stocks. From gut contents of cormorants, using an extension the Catch equation, we estimated degree short term competition between great cormorants coastal fisheries two areas along Swedish Baltic Sea. consumed 10 44%, respective area, biomass six species harvested by humans; eel, flounder, herring, perch, pike, whitefish. On average, smaller individuals than fisheries. But for...

High temperature in Swedish and Lithuanian thermal effluent areas influenced gametogenesis of female perch Perca fluviatilis , roach Rutilus rutilus pike Esox lucius negatively, indicating reduced reproductive capacity. Oocyte atresia started during vitellogenesis autumn, was often followed by asynchronous egg cell development. Among other anomalies, multi‐nucleus oocytes hermaphroditism were observed. No significant impact seen silver bream Blicca bjoerkna . Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus...

Spawning, egg strand development and embryo survival was studied during 1995–1996 in perch Perca fluviatilis exposed to heated effluent from two coastal nuclear power plants on the Baltic. Spawning earlier more prolonged areas. Although fertilization rate high, most strands sampled areas did not develop hatching. The disintegrated within a few days of spawning, mortality very high. All samples collected reference developed up Exposure high temperatures final maturation gonad influenced...

Several electrolytes of commercially available lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were analyzed by solid phase microextraction – gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS).