Abstract Leaf construction cost (LCC), a proxy for the energetic investment plants make to construct leaf biomass, indicates carbon strategies of across diverse habitats. However, large-scale variations in LCC and their correlations with climate soil factors have yet be fully explored. Here, we compiled dataset comprising 442 species-site combinations, spanning nearly all vegetation types China, address this knowledge gap. We found that exhibited substantial variation, ranging from 0.72 g...

Dissipative systems form various self-organized states owing to the abundant attractor structures. The study of response different under collision perturbation is great significance for understanding dissipative nonlinear systems. dynamics single soliton and molecules can not only assist stability analysis attractors, but also reveal rich physical connotations interactions. Here, first time, processes in excited are detected using dispersive Fourier transform technology. include...

Pulsating soliton (PS) as a local structure of nonlinear systems has induced substantial interest in photonics and ultrafast lasers. However, the interaction mechanism between PSs not been fully studied. Here, vital role asymmetric dispersive wave (DW) is investigated for first time. Based on complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CQGLE), we find that asynchronous pulsating molecule (PSM) composed strong weak will produce frequency shift due to DW, state PS can be transferred through DW during...

Spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) fiber lasers have become an excellent platform in nonlinear optics research due to the rich evolution process. In order overcome modal walk-off and realize phase locking of different transverse modes, it is usually crucial reduce group delay difference cavity. this paper, we use long-period grating (LPFG) compensate large dispersion differential gain cavity, realizing spatiotemporal mode-locking step-index fibers The LPFG inscribed few-mode could induce...

In this article, we design a long short-term memory ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LSTM</i> ) scheme, combined with dense networks, to realize soliton dynamics prediction in passively mode-locked fiber lasers. Based on the particle characteristic of interaction, propose use separation and relative phase between solitons as parameters model predict dynamics. The network predicted collision molecule accurately. This scheme...

O-GlcNAcylation is a ubiquitous protein glycosylation playing different roles on variant proteins. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) the unique enzyme responsible for sugar addition to nucleocytoplasmic Recently, multiple sites have been observed short-form OGT (sOGT) and (ncOGT), both of which locate in nucleus cytoplasm cell. Moreover, Ser389 ncOGT (1036 amino acids) affects its nuclear translocation HeLa cells. To date, major their sOGT remain unknown. Here, we performed LC-MS/MS mutational...

Soliton molecule has the properties that similar to those of matter molecule, which brings great research value. The rich dynamics soliton molecules depend on complex interactions between pulses. As one important factors, gain multi-dimensional effects molecules. We here study interaction process under perturbation, and find oscillation collision behaviors pulses within induced by as well recombination through believe energy change in cavity transfer based continuous wave component play an...

Cancer differentiation therapy is an attractive concept and has been clinically used to treat leukemia. However, it limited date for solid tumors. In this study, the pH‐sensitive nanoparticles based on poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are synthesized by coupling 3,4,5,6‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride with first generation PAMAM. The modified can self‐assemble in aqueous solution form a diameter of 125–435 nm. relatively stable at physiological pH (pH 7.4) but dissociated acidic environments...

Spatiotemporal mode-locked lasers have attracted extensive attention of researchers due to the complex nonlinear evolution process. Compared single-mode lasers, intermodal interactions greatly affect pulses in spatiotemporal lasers. Here, we experimentally investigate transition process between noise-like and Q-switching few-mode laser by rotating plates, where a state is broadened time domain. By means spectral filtering, verify that reconstruction different modes pulses. Furthermore,...

As a high-throughput data analysis technique, photon time stretching (PTS) is widely used in the monitoring of rare events such as cancer cells, rough waves, and study electronic optical transient dynamics. The PTS technology relies on high-speed collection, large amount generated poses challenge to storage real-time processing. Therefore, how use compatible methods filter process advance particularly important. time-lens proposed, based duality space an important processing method derived...

In this article, we use a convolutional autoencoder neural network to reduce data dimensioning and rebuild soliton dynamics in passively mode-locked fiber laser. Based on the particle characteristic double solitons triple interactions, found that there is strict correspondence between number of minimum compression parameters independent interaction. This shows our effectively coarsens high-dimensional nonlinear systems. Our work not only introduces new prospects for laser self-optimization...

Based on the experimental platform of an L-band normal-dispersion mode-locked fiber laser, we report first observation, to best our knowledge, collision dissipative solitons (DSs) and concomitant state transition with chaotic behavior by dispersive Fourier transform technique (DFT). The gain depletion recovery Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> in cause DSs that are close each other experience different spectra, thus...

The charge response of the detector is very important for data reconstruction and energy spectrum analysis. In this paper, LHAASO large size PMT studied in depth, including difference detection efficiency between MCP Dynode structure PMTs, a calibration nonlinear method based on continuous optical attenuator proposed. After correction from calibration, experimental can reach good agreement with simulation results.

Deep neural networks have enabled the reconstruction of optical soliton molecules with more complex structures using real-time spectral interferences obtained by photonic time-stretch dispersive Fourier transformation (TS-DFT) technology. In this paper, we propose to use three kinds deep convolution (DCNs), including VGG, ResNets, and DenseNets, for revealing internal dynamics evolution based on interferences. When analyzing equidistant composite structures, all models are effective. The...

To predict the behavior of high-energy pulse bursts, fine numerical simulation propagation signals and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in fiber amplifiers is needed. In this research, a novel theoretical analysis Yb-doped (YDFA) by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods proposed. This study allows to independently take into account evolutions ASE between multiple amplification stages. Approaches mitigating are discussed. Among them, location acousto-optic modulator (AOM) analyzed...

This paper presents the experimental observation of transition from stationary spatiotemporal soliton (STS) to pulsation (STSP) in mode-locked fiber lasers for first time. Three STSs maintain an asynchronous pulsating state with same period, while another STS remains a state. Through numerical analysis, dynamic process STSP is studied. Numerical analysis reveals that occurs under specific cavity parameters when energy comparatively high. As pulse increases, gradually transitions The modes...

The charge nonlinearity of the photomultiplier reflects difference between number photoelectrons in anode output signal and cathode. In this study, range from tens to hundreds was tested by using a continuous light attenuator compared with test scheme alternating luminescence double LED sources. results show that maximum measured optical attenuation method is 80% higher than two-light source method, correctness verified numerical sampling method.

We report on a Q-switched Er-doped all-fiber laser based solution-processed Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> C xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> T xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> saturable absorber (SA). is transferred to the fiber core region by optical deposition process through thermal effect. The SA clamped between two connectors, which flexible integrate into oscillator....

For the first time, we used DFT technology to detect collision process of single soliton and molecules. Our work reveals complete dynamic elastic molecule, especially molecule disintegrating reform molecule. Numerical simulation shows that gain dynamics is main physical origin collision. investigations illustrate particle nature supplements previous research dynamics.