Microsurgeons require dexterity to make precise and stable maneuvers achieve surgical objectives minimize risks during freehand procedures.This work presents a novel, common path, swept source optical coherence tomography-based -smart‖ micromanipulation aided robotic-surgical tool (SMART) that actively suppresses surgeon hand tremor.The allows enhanced tip stabilization, more accurate targeting the potential lower risk.Freehand performance is compared smart tool-assisted includes assessment...

A handheld Smart Micromanipulation Aided Robotic-surgery Tool (SMART) micro-forceps guided by a fiber-optic common-path optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) sensor is presented.A CP-OCT distance and motion integrated into the shaft of microforceps.The tool tip position manipulated longitudinally through closed loop control using piezoelectric motor.This novel forceps design could significantly enhance safety, efficiency surgical outcomes.The basic grasping peeling functions are evaluated in...

This Letter reports a fully packaged microelectromechanical system (MEMS) endoscopic catheter for forward imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT). Two-dimensional scanning of Lissajous patterns was realized by the orthogonal movement two commercial aspherical glass lenses laterally mounted on resonating electrostatic MEMS microstages at low operating voltages. The lens scanner integrated printed circuit board and with an aluminum housing, gradient index fiber collimator, objective lens. A...

A deficiency in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) signaling is a central contributor the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We have recently shown that endothelial-specific Bmpr2 deletion by novel L1Cre line resulted hypertension. SMAD1 one canonical signal transducers BMPR2 pathway, and its reduced activity has been to be associated with PAH. To determine whether an important downstream mediator PAH, we analyzed phenotypes Smad1 -conditional knockout...

A motion-compensated, hand-held, common-path, Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography imaging probe has been developed for image-guided intervention during microsurgery. hand-held prototype instrument was achieved by integrating an fiber inside a stainless steel needle and attached to the ceramic shaft of piezoelectric motor housed in aluminum handle. The obtains A-scan images. distance information extracted from A-scans track sample surface fixed maintained feedback control which...

A combined diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA)–near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system is proposed to simultaneously measure qualitative blood flow and oxygenation changes in human tissue. The employs an optical switch alternate two laser sources at different wavelengths a CCD camera capture the image. Therefore, density can be measured from for NIRS measurements calculated DSCA measurements. In order validate system, phantom test arm occlusion protocol arterial venous were performed....

Abstract BACKGROUND: Advion ® cockroach gel bait (6 g kg −1 indoxacarb) is in widespread use for Blattella germanica (L.) control the United States. However, baseline susceptibility levels to indoxacarb German field populations are not known. Hence, this research sought develop monitoring strategies estimate of indoxacarb. RESULTS: Four bioassays were evaluated: topical lethal dose (LD), formulated time (LT), vial concentration (LC) and matrix LD. Of these methods, LC LD most economical...

Determining the survival rate of avian embryos during incubation is essential for cost-saving in poultry industry. A multi-channel diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA) system, comprising four optical fiber channels, proposed to achieve noninvasive vivo measurements deep tissue flow. The system was able monitor chick embryo vital signs over entire period. Moreover, it proved useful distinguishing between healthy and weakened conditions.

Abstract Volatile insecticides, otherwise known as fumigants, have numerous uses in pest control and integrated management. Fumigants been broadly applied the protection of stored agricultural commodities also elimination structural infestations. However, fumigants so far mostly overlooked for use management public health pests such flies mosquitoes. This paper reports information on development a volatility bioassay evaluating volatile insecticides against dipteran insects this to compare...

This work presents a novel approach for miniaturized optical scanning module based on lateral and piston motion of two commercial lenses by MEMS actuation. Two aspheric glass 1 mm diameter are assembled electrostatically actuated microstages moving along perpendicular axes to tilt path. The compact integration secures the effective beam aperture 0.6 within device width 2 mm. lens mass provides high-Q motions at low operating voltages DC 5 V AC 10 V, i.e., angle 4.6 degrees 277 Hz vertical...

We present a confocal fluorescent endomicroscopic system with Lissajous scan using an asymmetric polymer tube and piezoelectric (PZT) actuator. The fiber cantilever's scanning part is often inside the PZT actuator to reduce scanner's rigid length enhance beam deflection via lever mechanism. Here, mathematical model of actuator-based mechanism first proposed by considering parameters Euler-Bernoulli deflection, showing good agreement experimental data. In addition, elliptical used divide...

We demonstrate that catalyst nanoparticles attached to carbon nitride nanotubes (CNNTs) show superior catalytic activity for hydrogen generation from aqueous solutions. The calculated natural bonding orbitals quite different charge polarizations catalysts CNNTs; Co and Ni atoms CNNTs are more positively polarized than Pt when they interact with NaBH4 H2O. Our experiments prove the increased positive charges result in a greater ability attract hydride anions, thus improving rate. For example,...

This article presents a Lissajous scanning confocal endomicroscopy comprising an easily manufacturable thin polyimide (PI) film and modified phase-offset-driven scanning. The probe has piezoelectric tube actuator the PI film-attached fiber cantilever designed to resonate with lever mechanism. Data from finite element analysis experiments are used optimize dimensions of film, which produces frequency separation field view <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

We report a two-step synthesis method to fabricate peroxidase-like Co3O4 nanoparticles–carbon nitride nanotube (Co3O4 NPs–CNNT) hybrid catalysts enabling high redox activity. At first, the energy-dispersive spectrometer mapping shows that CNNT surface is wrapped by Co(OH)2 after first solvothermal step using cobalt acetylacetonate of Co(acac)3 precursor and triethylene glycol solvent. Also, X-ray diffraction photoelectron spectroscopy measurements support subsequent heat treatment transforms...

Bimanual surgery enhances surgical effectiveness and is required to successfully accomplish complex microsurgical tasks. The essential advantage the ability simultaneously grasp tissue with one hand provide counter traction or exposure, while dissecting other. Towards enhancing precision safety of bimanual microsurgery we present a SMART micro-surgical system for preliminary ex-vivo study. To best our knowledge, this first demonstration handheld system. components include ball-lens coupled...

This study presents and validates a multimodal optical system combining diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with unique design for high-speed tMRO2 monitoring. The simultaneous dual-wavelength illumination detection by single camera is constructed using dichroic mirrors without an external trigger device. Phantom experiments in-vivo arterial occlusion tests are conducted varying the exposure time from 0.5 ms to 10 validate performance. We analyze...

Abstract An angiosome refers to a 3D tissue volume that is vascularized by single artery and relatively new concept useful in vascular surgery; however, the direct relationship between arterial blood flow micro-perfusion still controversial. Here, we propose diffuse speckle contrast analysis (DSCA), which an emerging perfusion monitoring modality, investigate correlations among low frequency oscillations (LFOs) measured from different areas on feet of healthy subjects. We obtained...

Abstract Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A (CIDEA) is a lipid droplet-associated protein and known marker of the thermogenic capacity brown/beige adipocytes. To monitor expression CIDEA in live mice non-invasive manner, we generated reporter expressing multicistronic mRNAs encoding CIDEA, luciferase 2, tdTomato proteins under control Cidea promoter. The level endogenous adipose tissue was not affected by polycistronic reporters. two reporters, 2 tdTomato, correctly...

Human-robot interaction (HRI) demands efficient time performance along the tasks. However, some approaches may extend to complete such Thus, in HRI must be enhanced. This work presents an effective way enhance tasks with a mixed reality (MR) method based on gaze-speech system. In this paper, we design MR world for pick-and-place The hardware system includes headset, Baxter robot, table, and six cubes. addition, holographic scenario offers two modes of interaction: gesture mode (GM) (GSM)....

We describe a polarization sensitive spectral domain optical coherence tomography technique based on single camera spectrometer that includes multiplexed custom grating, lenses, and high-speed three-line CCD camera. Two orthogonally polarized beams could be separately taken by two lines of the as result vertically different incident angles. The system provide imaging capabilities full speed increased measurable depth. proposed make distinction between normal muscle cancerous tissue from...

We present a SMART injector with two parallel common-path optical coherence tomography fibers to enable angle measurements and injection depth corrections for oblique subretinal injection. The are attached opposite sides of 33 G needle known offsets designed pass through 23 trocar that has an inner diameter 0.65 mm. By attaching system rotational stage, the measured angles calibrated minimal error from reference angles. A commercial eye model was used evaluate control performance,...