Ciprofloxacin (CIP) was found to enhance pegylated G-CSF therapy (PEG, Neulasta®)-induced survival from 30% 85% after ionizing radiation exposure. This combined significantly mitigated radiation-induced brain hemorrhage through its capability improve platelet recovery. study tested whether this treatment also gastrointestinal damage radiation. B6D2F1 female mice were exposed 60Co γ CIP fed daily for up 14 days. PEG injected on day 1, and then weekly 14. For the early time point study, blood,...

Treatments that currently exist in the strategic national stockpile for acute radiation syndrome (ARS) focus on hematopoietic subsyndrome, with no treatments gastrointestinal (GI)-ARS. While gut microbiota helps maintain host homeostasis by mediating GI epithelial and mucosal integrity, exposure can alter commensal which may leave susceptible to opportunistic pathogens serious sequelae such as sepsis. To mitigate effects of ARS irradiation, approved form colony stimulating factors...

Understanding the response of tree regeneration following commercial thinning treatments can improve planning in managed forests dependent on natural regeneration. We used long-term experiments eastern spruce–fir stands Maine, USA, to test two hypotheses: (1) increases density and (2) with increasing intensity. A decade after thinning, densities softwood hardwood were 10 times greater thinned than unthinned stands. The abundance small (0.11–0.60 m tall) was highest lower intensity...

We examined the development of a 33-year experiment in spruce–fir stands that received nine herbicide treatments (applied aerially 1977), with and without precommercial thinning (PCT) 1986). tested two commonly held assumptions about long-term effects PCT mixedwood managed for softwoods: (i) release produces dominated by softwoods (ii) promotes both softwood dominance merchantable volume. All herbicides were effective at releasing balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) spruce Picea spp.)...

In nuclear and radiological incidents, overexposure to ionizing radiation is life-threatening. It evident that depletes blood cells increases circulating cytokine/chemokine concentrations as well mortality. While microglia of female mice have been observed be less damaged by than in male mice, it unclear whether sex affects physio-pathological responses the bone marrow (BM) gastrointestinal system (GI). We exposed B6D2F1 0, 1.5, 3, or 6 Gy with mixed-field containing 67% neutron 33% gamma at...

The Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) is a long-term, landscape-scale study that exemplifies model of forest research emphasizing interagency and multidiscipline collaboration. Established in 1989 the Highlands southeastern Missouri, MOFEP uses randomized complete block design to test effects three management systems (even-aged management, uneven-aged no-harvest management) on response variables across range disciplines. Within this overarching experimental design, other...

Pathways of forest compositional dynamics over five decades (1953–2005) were reconstructed using measurements from permanent sample plots in a long-term silviculture experiment central Maine mixedwood forest. The objective this study was to elucidate the tree species composition at plot level relation initial when established (1953–1957) and harvest disturbance history following wide range even-aged uneven-aged silvicultural treatments. Cluster analysis revealed three groupings based on...

Sprouting is an important source of regeneration for hardwood trees but has not been studied extensively in bottomland forests. We quantified the sprouting responses 11 species or groups after two levels overstory harvest, including clearcutting with reserves (CCR) (residual basal area ~2.0 m2/ha) and retention (BAR) ~8.0 m2/ha), northern Missouri. The probability sprout presence one growing season decreased increasing parent tree dbh boxelder, river birch, hickories, hackberry, American...

Question: Two questions about within-stand spatial variability are addressed in this paper. How does species richness of tree regeneration respond to small-scale ecological gradients, and what effect natural Abies balsamea abundance have on the other regeneration? Location: A long-term, gap-silviculture experiment, Acadian mixed-wood forest, Maine, USA. Methods: Eight stands treated with without gap harvesting were sampled capture sub-stand heterogeneity understorey concurrently patterning...

Since acorn production is a foundational process of ecosystems dominated by oaks, understanding the impact forest management practices on critical to sustainable oak forests. This investigation addressed even-aged (EAM), uneven-aged (UAM), and no-harvest (NHM) mature, sound acorns over an 18-year period (1993-2010) long-term, landscape-scale experiment in Missouri Ozarks. Forest impacts were investigated at two operational scales: multi-stand compartment stand. We hypothesized that both...

Does species’ shade tolerance regulate natural regeneration abundance and composition when partial harvestings (≤80% of basal area removal) are operated on a landscape scale? We examined this question using 835 permanent plots located across forested landscapes Maine, USA. These were surveyed for growth, mortality, recruitment before after treatment application (i.e., partially harvested unharvested). Our results showed that relative to unharvested stands, high-intensity harvesting (41%–80%...

Abstract This is a case study comparing understory tree regeneration in two mixedwood stands types the New Jersey Pine Barrens: oak‐pine treated with prescribed fire over last half century (burned) and without history of controlled burning (unburned). Understories burned supported mainly desirable oak (Quercus spp.) pine (Pinus (0.3 ft tall, <3 in. dbh), whereas understories unburned greater abundance undesirable, nonoak hardwoods (mainly sassafras [Sassafras albidum]) along good numbers...

The effects of clearcutting with reserves (CCR), basal area retention (BAR), and no-harvest control (CTL) on residual trees in a bottomland hardwood forest northeastern Missouri were evaluated during the first decade after harvest. Harvesting damaged 15 46% live (>4.5 in. dbh) retained BAR CCR treatments, respectively. Three years harvest (2000–2003), annual mortality rate was higher (6.8%) than (3.2%) or CTL (1.5%). From 2003 to 2010, remained same, whereas rates declined substantially...

Introduction Brain hemorrhage was found between 13 and 16 days after acute whole-body 9.5 Gy 60 Co-γ irradiation (IR). This study tested countermeasures mitigating brain increasing survival from IR. Previously, we that pegylated G-CSF therapy (PEG) (i.e., Neulasta ® , an FDA-approved drug) improved post-IR by 20–40%. investigated whether Ciprofloxacin (CIP) could enhance PEG-induced IR-induced be mitigated PEG alone or combined with CIP. Methods B6D2F1 female mice were exposed to...

Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), a shade-tolerant shrub native to eastern North America, sometimes forms dense layer in forest understories that may interfere with tree regeneration. The purpose of this study was evaluate silvicultural methods for controlling understory layers pawpaw. In 2013, initiated test three pawpaw control options southeastern Missouri: prescribed fire, broadcast foliar herbicide, and fire followed by spot herbicide. All manipulative treatments caused an immediate reduction...