Observational fear learning delineates the process by which individuals learn about potential threats through observing others' reactions. Prior research indicates that with high trait anxiety (HTA) manifest pronounced responses in direct scenarios. However, specific influence of on observational remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to fill this gap examining 64 university students, divided equally between those HTA and low (LTA), selected from an initial pool 483 participants....

Abstract Background Compulsive cleaning is a characteristic symptom of particular subtype obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and often accompanied by intense disgust. While overgeneralization threat key factor in the development symptoms, previous studies have primarily focused on fear generalization rarely examined disgust generalization. A systematic determination behavioral neural mechanisms underlying individuals with contamination concern crucial for enhancing our understanding OCD....

Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalic acid (MEHP) is the most toxic metabolite of plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl (DEHP), and there limited information available on effects MEHP neurotoxicity. This study aims to examine neurotoxicity preliminarily explore its potential molecular mechanisms. We found that impeded growth zebrafish embryos neurodevelopmental-related gene expression at environmentally relevant concentrations. exposure also induces oxidative stress response brain cell apoptosis accompanied by a...

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Aggressive adolescents tend to exhibit abnormal fear acquisition and extinction, reactive aggressive are often more anxious. However, the relationship between generalization aggression (RA) remains unknown. According Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) scores, 61 were divided into two groups, namely, a high RA group (N = 30) low (LA) 31). All participants underwent three consecutive phases of Pavlovian conditioning paradigm (i.e., habituation, acquisition, generalization),...

Fear acquisition and generalization play key roles in promoting the survival of mammals contribute to anxiety disorders. While previous research has provided much evidence for repercussions social exclusion on mental health, how affects fear received scant attention. In our study, participants were divided into two groups according Cyberball paradigm conditions (exclusion/inclusion). Both underwent a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), skin...

Current research on emotion regulation has mainly focused Gross's cognitive strategies for regulating negative emotion; however, little attention been paid to whether social processes can be used regulate both positive and emotions. We considered perspective-taking as an aspect of cognition, investigated it would affect one's own emotional response. The present study a block paradigm event-related potential (ERP) technology explore this question. A 3 (perspective: self vs. pessimistic...

摘要: 焦虑症的患病率在青春期达到顶峰, 对青少年行为和心灵造成严重影响。当前对青少年焦虑发生发展的了解主要依赖于意识层面恐惧加工的相关工作, 忽略了青少年前额叶功能和皮层自上而下的控制功能还不够成熟这一重要事实。因此, 将这种自上而下的干预机制应用于青少年焦虑的临床治疗或许存在一定的局限性。捕捉青少年自动的恐惧加工或许有助于明晰青少年焦虑的病理机制。本研究以健康、焦虑易感以及焦虑障碍青少年为研究对象, 探究1)青少年无意识恐惧加工发生发展规律的认知神经机制及慢性应激激素的影响作用; 2)无意识恐惧加工在青少年焦虑发展中的作用; 3)青少年无意识恐惧的无创干预手段。本研究将为青少年焦虑的预防、识别及干预提供科学支撑, 以促进青少年身心全面健康成长。

Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction represent learning mechanisms underlying exposure-based interventions. While increasing evidence indicates a pivotal role of disgust in the development contamination-based obsessive-compulsive disorder (C-OCD), dysregulations conditioned acquisition maintenance, particular driven by higher-order conceptual processes, have not been examined. Here, we address this gap exposing individuals with high (HCC, n = 41) or low (LCC, contamination concern to...

Abstract Category‐based induction is an advanced cognitive function that based on our category‐level knowledge. Previous findings have recognized the distance effect in category‐based induction: Inductive strength affected by hierarchical between premises and conclusions. However, neural mechanisms underlying this require elucidation. In present study, we investigated of using EEG technology a new experimental paradigm—category‐based induction. paradigm, used three levels categories—the...

Abstract Previous research indicates that excessive fear is a critical feature in anxiety disorders; however, recent studies suggest disgust may also contribute to the etiology and maintenance of some disorders. It remains unclear if differences exist between these two threat-related emotions conditioning generalization. Evaluating different patterns learning would facilitate deeper understanding how disorders develop. In this study, 32 college students completed threat tasks, including...

Packaging design, as an important element in product appearance, can directly affect customers' sensory perception of the product. Many universities even offer packaging design majors, which mainly use natural science and aesthetic knowledge to promote sales. However, many old brands remain complacent their still adopts traditional thinking, some extent affects Therefore, this article decided genetic algorithms a tool parameterize 3D fractal images aiming create more creative eye-catching...

Previous research in extinction indicates no difference US expectancies for aversive and non-aversive unconditioned stimuli (USs). In this study, we bridged these topics by examining how concurrent perceptual conceptual cues influence conditioned generalisation of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) patients using USs. The study included two consecutive phases: acquisition generalisation. the phase, used blue purple images as perceptually stimuli, animals household items conceptually (US)....

Aggressive adolescents tend to exhibit abnormal fear acquisition and extinction, reactive aggressive are often more anxious. Anxiety disorders characterized by overgeneralization of conditioned fear. However, the relationship between generalization aggression remains unknown. We recruited 56 divided into two groups according their scores on Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire: high (RA, N=29, Mage=13.17 years) low (LA, N=27, Mage=13.00 years). All participants underwent three...

Abstract A major limitation of fear generalization research entails the confusing unconditional stimulus—it can often induce not only but also disgust. Differences between two threat-related emotions during conditioning and are currently unknown. To address this issue, 32 college students completed threat tasks including conditioned stimuli paired with or disgust images. block design was used to divide into randomly ordered blocks, enabling examination differences by recording subjective...