As technology evolves, more components are integrated into printed circuit boards (PCBs) and the PCB layout increases. Because small defects on signal trace can cause significant damage to system, surface inspection is one of most important quality control processes. Owing limitations manual inspection, efforts have been made automate by utilizing high resolution CCD or CMOS sensors. Despite advanced sensor technology, setting pass/fail criteria based failure samples has always challenging...

Diabetes has recently emerged as a worldwide problem, and diabetic retinopathy is an abnormal state associated with the human retina. Due to increase in daily screen-related activities of modern beings, more prevalent among adults, leading minor major blindness. Doctors clinicians are unable perform early diagnoses due large number patients. To solve this study introduces classification model for retinal images that distinguishes between various stages retinopathy. This work involves...

This paper presents a novel amplifier that satisfies both low distortion and high efficiency for high-frequency wireless ultrasound systems with limited battery life size. While increasing the helps to address problems systems, it can cause signal owing harmonic components. Therefore, new type of class F is designed achieve distortion. In amplifier, resonant circuit at each stage controls components reduce improve efficiency. Transformers large shunt resistor are also helpful remaining noise...

The brain–computer interface (BCI) is used to understand brain activities and external bodies with the help of motor imagery (MI). As today, classification results for EEG 4 class BCI competition dataset have been improved provide better accuracy computer systems (BCIs). Based on this observation, a novel quick-response eigenface analysis (QR-EFA) scheme proposed improve BCIs. Thus, we considered signals in standardized sharable quick response (QR) image domain; then, systematically combined...

In ultrasound systems, a protection circuit must be used to protect the receiver electronics from high-voltage pulses generated by transmitter and minimize signal loss distortion of low-voltage echoes transducer. Especially for certain applications, such as intravascular ultrasound, particle manipulation, cell stimulation, proper performance transducers is desirable due their low sensitivity. As operating frequency transducer increases, size decreases, increasing amplitude transmitted...

This paper describes the design of a front-end circuit consisting an integrated preamplifier with Sallen-Key Butterworth filter for very-high-frequency ultrasonic transducers and low-power handheld receiver. was fabricated using 0.18-μm 7WL SiGe bi-polar complementary metal oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) process. The is used to increase voltage gain high-frequency which are generally low in sensitivity. measured peak frontend circuits BiCMOS 41.28 dB at 100 MHz -6-dB bandwidth 91%, dc power...

A new multiwavelength visible-range-supported opto–ultrasound instrument using a light-emitting diode and ultrasound transducer was developed in order to produce visible light with minimized color aberration errors, detect signals emitted from the target. In instrument, optical systems can provide transmission low within 10-cm ranges that are reasonably flat modulation transfer function at spatial frequencies of 20 40 lp/mm, except end diagonal edge samples. To assess capability, we...

A power MOSFET linearizer is proposed for a high-voltage amplifier (HVPA) used in high-frequency pulse-echo instrumentation. The composed of DC bias-controlled series shunt with parallel inductors and capacitors. scheme designed to improve the gain deviation characteristics HVPA at higher input powers. By controlling bias voltage linearizer, reduction into was compensated, thereby reducing echo harmonic distortion components generated by ultrasonic transducers. In order verify performance...

In diagnostic ultrasound imaging applications, preamplifiers are used as first-stage analog front-end amplifiers for transducers because they can amplify weak acoustic signals generated directly by transducers. For emerging different types of with specific design parameters and circuit topologies have been developed, depending on the transducer. particular, preamplifier, such gain, bandwidth, input- or output-referred noise components, power consumption, a tradeoff relationship. Guidelines...

In this article, we investigate the application of contactless high frequency ultrasound microbeam stimulation (HFUMS) for determining invasion potential breast cancer cells. patients, finding tumor metastasis significantly worsens clinical prognosis. Thus, early determination a and would impact decisions about aggressiveness treatment. Recent work suggests that invasive cells (MDA-MB-231), but not weakly (MCF-7, SKBR3, BT-474), display number neuronal characteristics, including expression...

We propose an integrated front-end data acquisition circuit for a hybrid ultrasound (US)-gamma probe. The proposed consists of three main parts: (1) preamplifier the gamma probe, (2) preprocessing analog US, and (3) digitally controlled switch. By exploiting long idle time US system, switch can be used to acquire both systems using single output channel simultaneously. On nuclear medicine (NM) probe side, energy resolutions 18.4% 17.5% were acquired with standalone system switching circuit,...

We developed a customized doubly Q-switched laser that can control the pulse width to easily find weak acoustic signals for photoacoustic (PA) systems. As was constructed using an acousto-optic Q-switcher, in contrast existing commercial system, it is easier repetition rate and width. The has following ranges: 10 Hz-10 kHz rate, 40-150 ns width, 50-500 μJ energy. Additionally, custom-made modularized sample stage used develop fully PA system. nine-axis unit design allowing target transducer...

An inverse Class-E power amplifier was designed for an ultrasound transducer. The proposed can be useful because of the low series inductance values used in output matching network that helps to reduce signal distortions. Therefore, a newly obtain proper echo quality. measured voltage, voltage gain, gain difference, and efficiency were 50.1 V, 22.871 dB, 0.932 55.342%, respectively. This difference relatively high could verify capability pulse-echo response experiment using transducer...

Depth-of-interaction (DOI) encoding can contribute to improving spatial resolution uniformity and sensitivity in positron-emission-tomography (PET) scanners. In addition, time-of-flight (TOF) PET scanners with DOI have received considerable interest because of their potential for the resolution, sensitivity, image quality overall system. this study, a new detector configuration utilizing scintillators' emission wavelength is proposed, experimental results on energy, timing, performance are...

Portable ultrasound systems typically suffer from unwanted heat and limited battery life, resulting in reduced system performance or the applicable number of piezoelectric transducer elements. This can be a bottleneck widely used portable systems. Class-A power amplifiers are However, dissipation needs to by using large cooling fans pipe structures. To reduce heat, class-B may possible solution. non-linearity could limit their integration with transducers because high-voltage output...

In this paper, we proposed cancer cell acoustic stimulation by shunt-diode pre-linearizer scheme using a very high frequency (≥100 MHz) piezoelectric transducer. To verify the concept of our scheme, performed pulse-echo detection, and accessed therapeutic effects human cervical cells exposed to experiments 100 MHz focused transducer triggered PA with without scheme. detection responses, peak-to-peak voltage echo signal when (49.79 mV) was higher than that alone (29.87 mV). experimental...

A wireless ultrasound surgical system (WUSS) with battery modules requires efficient power consumption appropriate cutting effects during operations. Effective performances of the transducer (UT) should be produced for knives effective hemostasis performance and dissection time. Therefore, we implemented a custom-made UT piezoelectric material re-poling process, which is applied to enhance output amplitude WUSS. After process UT, quality factor increased from 1231.1 2418 minimize unwanted...

In optoacoustic (photoacoustic) systems, different echo signal intensities such as amplitudes, center frequencies, and bandwidths need to be compensated by utilizing variable gain or time-gain compensation amplifiers. However, electronic components can increase system complexities noise levels. this paper, we introduce a double-Gauss lens generate large field of view with uniform light intensity due the low chromatic aberrations lens, thus obtaining across system. order validate uniformity...

The impact of high-voltage–high-frequency (HVHF) amplifiers on echo-signal quality is greater with very-high-frequency (VHF, ≥100 MHz) ultrasound transducers than low-frequency (LF, ≤15 transducers. Hence, the bias voltage an HVHF amplifier must be stabilized to ensure stable amplitudes. We propose a bias-voltage stabilizer circuit maintain DC voltages over wide input range, thus reducing harmonic-distortion components echo signals in VHF pulse-echo measurement systems. To confirm...

A series-diode linearizer scheme is developed, which can possibly generate higher voltage signals. To verify our proposed concept, ultrasonic power amplifiers with and without the were tested for HeLa cells proliferation in vitro. In general, stimulus initiates process of cavitation cause cell lysis disruption attachment. The also induce formation free radicals so that a rigid membrane malignant cancer have increased sensitivity to stimulus. density control group up almost 100% on Day 3....

Transistor linearizer networks are proposed to increase the transmitted output voltage amplitudes of class-C amplifiers, thus, increasing sensitivity echo signals piezoelectric transducers, which main components in portable ultrasound instruments. For such instruments, amplifiers could be among most efficient amplifier schemes because, compared with a linear as class-A amplifier, they critically reduce direct current (DC) power consumption, battery life However, reduced deteriorate signals,...