In recent years, reduced participation has been encountered across all epidemiological study designs, both in terms of non-response as well refusal. A low response rate may reduce the statistical power but, more importantly, results not be generalizable to wider community. a telephone survey 1413 randomly selected members Australian general population and 690 participants sourced from previous studies, we examined factors affecting people's stated willingness participate health research. The...

The objective is to identify and test regulatory options for creating supportive environments physical activity healthy eating among local governments in Victoria, Australia. A literature review identified nine potential areas policy intervention at government level, including the walking environment food policy. Discussion documents were drafted which summarized public health evidence legal framework change each area. Levels of support particular interventions through semi-structured...

ABSTRACT Health research has been identified as a vehicle for advancing global justice in health. However, bioethics, issues of are mainly discussed within an ongoing debate on the conditions under which international clinical is permissible. As result, current ethical guidance predominantly links one type (biomedical) to aspect health equity (access new treatments). International guidelines largely fail connect promoting broader aspects – namely, healthier social environments and stronger...

Abstract How international research might contribute to justice in global health has not been substantively addressed by bioethics. Theories of from political philosophy establish obligations for parties high‐income countries owed low and middle‐income countries. We have developed a new framework that is based on J ennifer R uger's capability paradigm strengthen the link between clinical health. The ‘research justice’ provides direction three aspects research: target, capacity strengthening,...

It has been suggested that community advisory boards (CABs) can play a role in minimising exploitation international research. To get better idea of what this requires and whether it might be achievable, the paper first describes core elements we suggest must place for CAB to reduce potential exploitation. The then examines established by Shoklo Malaria Research Unit under conditions common resource-poor settings - namely, where individuals join with very limited understanding disease...

A recently discovered hepatitis C virus is a common cause of chronic liver disease in industrialized countries. Because it basically blood-borne and because blood donors are systematically screened, the only major group now at risk infection injecting drug users. There increasing reports stigmatization, affronts to dignity discrimination as result status individuals, but little action being taken prevent or redress these. In an attempt stimulate such action, we collected 37 incidents...

While the causes of obesity are well known traditional education and treatment strategies do not appear to be making an impact. One solution as part a broader complimentary set may regulatory intervention at local government level create environments for healthy nutrition increased physical activity. Semi structured interviews were conducted with representatives in Australia. Factors most likely facilitate policy change those supported by external funding, developed from evidence base...

Restorative justice as a response to sexual violence continues be subject significant criticism. To assess the evidence, we sought appraise and synthesize evaluations of restorative programs for family offences by conducting systematic review peer-reviewed literature. However, our rigorous search identified only one eligible study. This dearth evidence leaves us unable identify how best achieve aims which were established poses difficulties policy makers determining whether it is justified...

This article investigates whether or not theories of justice from political philosophy, first, support the position that health research should contribute to in global health, and second, provide guidance about what is owed by international clinical (ICR) actors parties low- middle-income countries. Four theories-John Rawls's theory justice, rights-based cosmopolitan Thomas Pogge Henry Shue, Jennifer Ruger's capability paradigm-are evaluated. The shows three four require conduct for health....

Vulnerability of participants in research and the provision special protections for vulnerable are key concepts ethics. Despite international consensus requiring participants, both concept vulnerability nature adequacy strategies to reduce remain vague and, consequently, subject varying interpretations. We report on observations challenges faced understanding this by 20 Russian Romanian trainees participating a one-year M.A. training program ethics from 2000 through 2011. describe how...

International collaborative health research is justifiably expected to help reduce global inequities. Investment in policy and systems developing countries essential this process but, currently, funding for international mainly channelled towards the development of new medical interventions. This imbalance largely due legislation policies used high-income countries. These have increasingly led these invest aimed at boosting national economic competitiveness rather than reducing In United...

This article reports the outcomes of qualitative research on teaching “vulnerability in research” undertaken with principal investigators international bioethics training programs funded by Fogarty International Center National Institutes Health (NIH) United States. To properly contextualize this research, we begin an overview various ways which vulnerability has been conceptualized both writers and ethical guidance from low-, middle-, high-income countries. We conclude some preliminary...

Australia's policy of mandatory indefinite detention those seeking asylum and arriving without valid documents has led to terrible human rights abuses cumulative deterioration in health for incarcerated. We argue that there is an imperative research document the plight who have suffered at hands Australian government its agents. However, normal tools available engaged may further erode well being this population, requiring a rethink existing ethics paradigms approaches foster advocacy...

• Clinical guidelines are being increasingly produced to improve quality of care, but vulnerable bias. Only 15% on the National Health and Medical Research Council portal from most prolific developers have published conflict interest statements, fewer detail processes used manage conflicts. Comprehensive disclosure conflicts is needed safeguard integrity clinical medical profession. Peak bodies clinicians should seek promote an improvement current poor practice.

How international research might contribute to justice in global health has not been substantively addressed by bioethics. This article describes how the provision of ancillary care can link clinical reduction disparities. It identifies obligations supported a theory justice, showing that Jennifer Ruger's capability paradigm requires delivery trial participants for limited subset conditions cause severe morbidity and mortality. Empirical on Shoklo Malaria Research Unit's (SMRU) vivax malaria...

This paper explores ethical questions arising from the work of health practitioners in immigration detention centres Australia. It raises about roles professional disciplines and ways which they confront dual loyalty issues. The exploration is guided by interviews conducted with professionals who have worked asylum seeker an examination outsider advocacy role undertaken social profession. discusses stance taken individuals associations on participation controlled settings, including as...

In-depth interviews were undertaken with nine principal investigators and 16 former trainees from eight FIC programs recruiting the Asia-Pacific to assess impact of training. Incorporation new knowledge into teaching, research, medical practice; advanced training; ethics committee participation most common outcomes identified. When attempting implement activities post-training, often had contend opposition more senior staff. Approaches that enhanced cultural relevance program content...

Mentoring is an important component of training in the basic and clinical sciences due to increasing complexities associated with establishing a career. Data relating 466 long-term trainees research ethics programs were obtained from Fogarty International Center's database. supplemented survey data (n = 17) telephone interviews 10) 21 principal investigators whose offered training. The most successful mentoring involved (1) provision orientation for at commencement training; (2) highly...

Policy and regulatory interventions aimed at creating environments more conducive to physical activity (PA) are an important component of strategies improve population levels PA. However, many potentially effective policies not being broadly implemented. This study sought identify potential policy/regulatory targeting PA environments, barriers/facilitators their implementation the Australian state/territory government level.In-depth interviews were conducted with senior representatives from...