Background: Overweight and obesity in adulthood are linked to an increased risk for death disease. Their potential effect on life expectancy premature has not yet been described. Objective: To analyze reductions increases associated with overweight at 40 years of age. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The Framingham Heart Study follow-up from 1948 1990. Participants: 3457 participants who were 30 49 age baseline. Measurements: Mortality rates specific body mass index group (normal...

<h3>Background</h3> Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, little known about the effects of physical activity on life expectancy with and without Our objective was to calculate consequences different levels after age 50 years total <h3>Methods</h3> We constructed multistate tables using data from Framingham Heart Study 3 (low, moderate, high) among populations older than years. For table calculations, we used hazard ratios transitions (healthy...

The role of the duration obesity as an independent risk factor for mortality has not been investigated. aim this study was to analyse association between and mortality.A total 5036 participants (aged 28-62 years) Framingham Cohort Study were followed up every 2 years from 1948 48 years. all-cause cause-specific analysed using time-dependent Cox models adjusted body mass index. biological intermediates chronic diseases also explored.The hazard ratio (HR) increased number lived with increased....

OBJECTIVE Evidence indicates an increased risk of certain cancers among people with type 2 diabetes. for rarer and 1 diabetes is limited. We explored the excess site-specific cancer incidence mortality diabetes, compared general Australian population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Registrants a national registry (953,382) between 1997 2008 were linked to death registries. Standardized ratios (SIRs/SMRs) are reported. RESULTS For significant elevated SIRs observed pancreas, liver, esophagus,...

Limited information exists about the consequences of hypertension during adulthood on residual life expectancy with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to analyze course people high blood pressure levels at age 50 in terms total and without disease compared normotensives. constructed multistate tables for disease, myocardial infarction, stroke using data from 3128 participants Framingham Heart Study who had their 50th birthday while enrolled study. For table calculations, we used hazard ratios...

<h3>Background and purpose</h3> Small vessel disease (mainly hypertensive arteriopathy cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)) is an important cause of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), a devastating still poorly understood stroke type. Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) are promising neuroimaging marker small disease. Based on the underlying distributions, we hypothesised that severe centrum semiovale EPVS more common in lobar ICH attributed to CAA than other ICH. We evaluated...

Abstract Objective The evidence for the association between obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes has been derived mainly from analysis degree obesity. role duration as an independent not fully explored. objective present study was to investigate diabetes. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Framingham Heart Study (FHS), follow-up 1948 1998. Subjects A total 1256 FHS participants who were free at baseline, but obese on least two consecutive study’s twenty-four biennial examinations,...

We developed a theoretical framework to organize obesity prevention interventions by their likely impact on the socioeconomic gradient of weight. The degree which an intervention involves individual agency versus structural change influences inequalities in Agentic interventions, such as standalone social marketing, increase inequalities. Structural food procurement policies and restrictions unhealthy foods schools, show equal or greater benefit for lower groups. Many belong...

With improvements in cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates among people with diabetes, mortality may also be changing. However, these trends influenced by coding practices of CVD-related deaths on death certificates. We analyzed over 13 years diabetes and quantified the potential misclassification CVD according to current methods.A total 1,136,617 Australians registered National Diabetes Services Scheme between 1997 2010 were linked Death Index. Excess relative Australian population was...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost-effectiveness of surgically induced weight loss relative to conventional therapy for management recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes in class I/II obese patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study builds on a within-trial cost-efficacy analysis. The analysis compares lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) between two intervention groups. Intervention were extrapolated based observed resource utilization during trial. proportion patients each...

Self-reported anthropometric data are commonly used to estimate prevalence of obesity in population and community-based studies. We aim to: 1) Determine whether survey participants able willing self-report height weight; 2) Assess the accuracy self-reported compared measured a sample young people. Participants (16–29 years) behaviour survey, recruited at Melbourne music festival (January 2011), were asked researchers independently weighed sub-sample. Body Mass Index was calculated...

Background A sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax in Mexico has been effective reducing consumption of SSBs, with larger decreases for low-income households. The health and financial effects across socioeconomic groups are important considerations policy-makers. From a societal perspective, we assessed the potential cost-effectiveness, gains, impacts by position (SEP) 20% SSB Australia. Methods findings Australia-specific price elasticities were used to predict each Socio-Economic Indexes...

Controlling obesity has become one of the highest priorities for public health practitioners in developed countries. In absence safe, effective and widely accessible high-risk approaches (e.g. drugs surgery) attention focussed on community-based social marketing campaigns as most appropriate form intervention. However there is limited evidence support substantial effectiveness such interventions.To date little that interventions specifically targeting provide or lasting benefit. Concerns...

The objective is to identify and test regulatory options for creating supportive environments physical activity healthy eating among local governments in Victoria, Australia. A literature review identified nine potential areas policy intervention at government level, including the walking environment food policy. Discussion documents were drafted which summarized public health evidence legal framework change each area. Levels of support particular interventions through semi-structured...