Abstract Though costly, pasture restoration is necessary when forage stands decline. Interseeding legumes (e.g., alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.), along with crabgrass (CG; Digitaria sanguinalis L.) as a warm‐season high nutritive value, can play key role in supporting restoration. Our objective was to quantify changes mass (FM) and value the associated cost of using different strategies. The experiment carried out Spring Hill, TN, for 2 years established swards tall fescue [TF; Schedonorus...

Abstract Alfalfa use ( Medicago sativa L.; “lucerne”) in warm, humid regions of the world represents a potential area expansion for alfalfa industry. The objective this review paper is to demonstrate how forage breeding and systems research efforts have identified opportunities increasing contributions these regions, along with pathways seed industry farming operations increase adoption. Our draws primarily on reports from Southeast United States Argentina. Significant technological...

Core Ideas Temperature significantly affects the time and rate of clover ( Trifolium spp.) germination. Germination vigor were evaluated from −1.0 to 48.0°C at approximately 1.0°C increments. Tested cultivars maintained 80% + germination 4.9 28.2°C, on average. range for was much wider than reported in previous literature. Data will be useful updating planting recommendations producers US Southeast. There are many reports failed establishments each year. is one primary factors affecting seed...

Abstract Interseeding alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) into bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] can be an effective way to improve forage quality and reduce the need for additional supplementation when fed livestock. The objective of this research was compare nutritive value mass with without interseeded harvested as baleage. On 19 Feb. 2016, 0.2‐ha plots were assigned in a randomized complete block design either ‘Tifton 85’ (T85) or T85 ‘Bulldog 805’ (T85+Alf) established field Tifton...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of feed enzymes into beef cattle creep feeds. In first one, following treatments tested in vitro: (1) 100% bermudagrass (GRASS); (2) a mixture 75% and 25% (CREEP); (3) CREEP enhanced with endo-1,4-β-xylanase (XYLAN); (4) endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase (BGLUC). Degradation fibre was greatest (P ≤ 0.03) for BGLUC, whereas vitro dry matter digestibility = 0.01) XYLAN. second experiment, cow-calf pairs from 2 farms split 3 groups: Group no...

Abstract Potassium fertilization and harvest timing both influence the stand life performance of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), but many producers do not apply sufficient K fertilizer as recommended by soil test recommendations. The objective this trial was to determine impact reduced rates on cultivar Bulldog 805 managed under different regimes forage yield, persistence, nutritive value when grown in southern Coastal Plains. Plots were harvested at bud, 10, 30, 50% bloom growth stages....

Core Ideas A simultaneous grazing evaluation of perennial and annual cool‐season forages was conducted in the Southeast. real‐world used production practices common lower transition zone. Cool‐season can meet stocker nutritional needs provide high‐quality forage for grazing. Novel endophyte tall fescue has greater long‐term profit potential compared with these forages. throughout cooler months, which reduce winter feed hay consumption by extending season Limited research been to...

Abstract Background Bermudagrass ( Cynodon spp.) is one of the most common perennial warm‐season forages grown in Southeastern United States. The incorporation alfalfa Medicago sativa ) into bermudagrass pastures could serve as an alternative source nitrogen (N) while also improving nutritive value forage base. Methods A 2‐year grazing evaluation arranged a randomized complete block design was conducted from May to September 2018 (Year 1) and May–August 2019 2) Tifton, GA, USA. objective...

Hairy buttercup (Ranunculus sardous Crantz) is a winter annual weed in southeastern U.S. pastures. Its potential toxicity and aggressive spring growth have made it widespread concern among producers, especially mixed grass-legume Few published studies reported on its ecology or control. Furthermore, lack of herbicide selectivity has historically been problem when broadleaf control needed To address this issue, we compared multiple formulations 2,4-D with imazethapyr, hexazinone, aminopyralid...

Abstract The incorporation of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) into bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] forage systems in the southern United States has increased. Stockpiling this mixture may extend grazing season fall and winter months with high‐quality forage. objective 2‐year study was to evaluate agronomic structural responses alfalfa–bermudagrass mixtures managed under five stockpiling periods (6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 weeks) two locations (Shorter, AL, Tifton, GA). Across locations,...

To determine the endothelial-dependent control of decreased peripheral vascular resistance in skeletal muscle microvessels during evolving sepsis.Acute (4 hours, n=7), established (24 or chronic (72 n=8) infection was induced Sprague-Dawley rats (150-175 g) by injecting Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis (1 x 10(9) colony-forming units for both) into a subcutaneous sponge. Control animals were injected with an isotonic sodium chloride solution analyzed at same time points: (n=6-8 per...

Abstract Across the southeastern United States, pyridine carboxylic acid herbicides are widely used for broadleaf weed control in permanent grass pastures. This family of has proved very successful controlling most weeds commonly present pastures and hayfields. In southern producers have expressed concern when overseeding legume species into warm-season perennial sods following application herbicides, as legumes generally highly sensitive to this herbicide family. Field experiments were...

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate 3 silage-based stocker diets. In Exp. 1, diets fed a total of 276 animals over period yr and performance data was collected. 2, the same subjected in vitro digestion for 5 time periods: 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 h, IVDMD, production fermentation end products, efficiency transformation energy. The experimental similar, except their protein supplements. They composed of: 1) 74% corn silage, 15.2% ground ear corn, 10.8% soybean meal (SBM); 2) 74.4%...

Eastern gamagrass [ Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] can serve as an alternative warm‐season perennial forage in the southeastern United States. A 2‐yr study was conducted to evaluate effects of (i) overseeding with cool‐season forages and (ii) N fertilization spring on herbage accumulation, nutritive value, persistence ‘Highlander’ eastern gamagrass. Overseeding treatments included: control (no overseeding), early‐maturing ‘Florida 401’ rye ( Secale cereale L.), mid‐maturity ‘Wrens Abruzzi’...

Abstract High‐quality forages can benefit from being harvested as baleage when the environmental conditions are not favorable for dry hay production. Currently, it is recommended that should be fed within 9‐months post‐harvest; however, mild winters reduce demand these stored forages. Data limited on changes in nutritive value of beyond timepoint. Therefore, objective was to determine effect storage length forage and baleage. This study evaluated 2016 2018 Tifton, GA, consisting either...

Abstract The incorporation of dual‐purpose alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) cultivars into bermudagrass Cynodon spp.) is a viable option to extend the grazing season in Southern forage systems. However, data are limited on which harvest management strategy (HMS) optimizes use alfalfa‐bermudagrass (ABG) mixtures US. A two‐year study evaluated ABG under three HMS [cut only (CO), graze (GO), or cut and (CG)].in Headland, AL Tifton, GA. Alfalfa‐bermudagrass utilized this evaluation were ‘Bulldog...

Abstract Inclusion of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) pastures improves nutritive value, increases grazing days, and reduces the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizer. Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) is a very palatable warm-season annual grass with high prolific reseeding ability, proclivity to volunteer many southeastern pastures. common pest that requires pre-emergent herbicide technologies control hayfields used produce stored forage. However, system,...

Abstract Background The incorporation of legumes, specifically alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), into bermudagrass Cynodon spp.)‐based pasture systems in the southeastern United States has increased recent years as an alternative to synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilization. Methods A small plot evaluation was conducted Shorter, Alabama, and Tifton, Georgia, USA, evaluate impact harvest height (HH) frequency (HF) on agronomic characteristics alfalfa+bermudagrass mixtures States. Results from both...

A 2-yr grazing trial was conducted to evaluate the use of conserved forage type, stockpiled Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.; T85) or T85 hay, and supplement type for stocker cattle during fall deficit in southeastern United States. The study site consisted six 0.75-ha paddocks 0.20-ha drylot feeding hay. Steers (n = 5 per paddock; mean initial BW both yr, 263 ± 30 kg) were randomly assigned on November 11, 2014 October 28, 2015 yr 1 2, respectively. Treatments included hay...

Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is a non-native, invasive species that causes substantial losses in row crops and hay fields, which could be minimized by using as conserved forage. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the yield quality of ensiled at four maturities: harvested every 3 weeks (3WK), boot stage (BOOT), flower (FLOWER), dough (DOUGH) stages. In experiment 1, yield, botanical composition, nutritive value, fermentation characteristics measured. 2, silage was...