A5078140856- Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- Heavy metals in environment
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Mine drainage and remediation techniques
- Trace Elements in Health
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Selenium in Biological Systems
- bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
- Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Iron oxide chemistry and applications
- Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Coal and Its By-products
- Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Clay minerals and soil interactions
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
Queen's University Belfast
2016-2025
Universitat de Miguel Hernández d'Elx
2022
Instituto de investigación sanitaria y biomédica de Alicante
2022
National University of Ireland
2022
University of Aberdeen
2005-2018
Chinese Academy of Sciences
2006-2017
Institute of Urban Environment
2009-2017
Bangladesh Agricultural University
2006-2010
Rothamsted Research
2008-2010
University of Manchester
2006-2009
Summary Elevation of arsenic levels in soils causes considerable concern with respect to plant uptake and subsequent entry into wildlife human food chains. Arsenic speciation the environment is complex, existing both inorganic organic forms, interconversion between species regulated by biotic abiotic processes. To understand manage risks posed soil it essential know how taken up roots metabolized within plants. Some exhibit phenotypic variation response species, which helps us toxicity way...
Arsenic contaminated groundwater is used extensively in Bangladesh to irrigate the staple food of region, paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.). To determine if this irrigation has led a buildup arsenic levels fields, and consequences for exposure through ingestion, survey soils grain was undertaken. Survey throughout showed that were elevated zones where high, these tube-wells have been operation longest period time. Regression soil with tube-well age significant. reached 46 microg g(-1) dry weight...
Ingestion of drinking water is not the only elevated source arsenic to diet in Bengal Delta. Even at background levels, rice contributes considerably ingestion subsistence diets. We set out survey As speciation different varieties from parts globe understand contribution exposure. Pot experiments were utilized ascertain whether growing on contaminated soil affected and genetic variation accounted for uptake speciation. USA long grain had highest mean level 0.26 μg g-1 (n = 7), value 0.40...
An extensive data set of total arsenic analysis for 901 polished (white) grain samples, originating from 10 countries 4 continents, was compiled. The samples represented the baseline (i.e., notspecifically collected contaminated areas), and all were market sale in major conurbations. Median contents rice varied 7-fold, with Egypt (0.04 mg/kg) India (0.07 having lowest content while U.S. (0.25 France (0.28 had highest content. Global distribution modeled by weighting each country's that...
Paired grain, shoot, and soil of 173 individual sample sets commercially farmed temperate rice, wheat, barley were surveyed to investigate variation in the assimilation translocation arsenic (As). Rice samples obtained from Carmargue (France), Doñana (Spain), Cadiz California, Arkansas. Wheat collected Cornwall Devon (England) east coast Scotland. Transfer As grain was an order magnitude greater rice than for wheat barley, despite lower rates shoot-to-grain transfer. levels over 0.60 μg g-1...
Arsenic (As) finds its way into soils used for rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation through polluted irrigation water, and historic contamination with As-based pesticides. As is known to be present as a number of chemical species in such soils, so we wished investigate how these were accumulated by rice. found soil solution from greenhouse experiment where was irrigated arsenate contaminated water arsenite, arsenate, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid. The short-term uptake kinetics...
Arsenic (As) exposure from consumption of rice can be substantial, particularly for the population on a subsistence diet in South Asia. Paddy has much enhanced As accumulation compared with other cereal crops, and practical measures are urgently needed to decrease transfer soil grain. We investigated dynamics speciation solution under both flooded aerobic conditions shoot grain greenhouse experiment. Flooding led rapid mobilization As, mainly as arsenite, solution. concentrations were 7−16...
Abstract The mechanisms of arsenic (As) hyperaccumulation inPteris vittata, the first identified As hyperaccumulator, are unknown. We investigated interactions arsenate and phosphate on uptake distribution phosphorus (P), speciation in P. vittata. In an 18-d hydroponic experiment with varying concentrations phosphate, vittata accumulated fronds up to 27,000 mg kg−1 dry weight, frond root concentration ratio varied between 1.3 6.7. Increasing supply decreased markedly, effect being greater...
The use of arsenic (As) contaminated groundwater for irrigation crops has resulted in elevated concentrations agricultural soils Bangladesh, West Bengal (India), and elsewhere. Paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main crop grown arsenic-affected areas Bangladesh. There is, therefore, concern regarding accumulation those soils. A greenhouse study was conducted to examine effects arsenic-contaminated water on growth uptake speciation arsenic. Treatments experiment consisted two phosphate doses...
Concern has been raised by Bangladeshi and international scientists about elevated levels of arsenic in Bengali food, particularly rice grain. This is the first inclusive food market-basket survey from Bangladesh, which addresses speciation concentration rice, vegetables, pulses, spices. Three hundred thirty aman boro 94 50 pulse spice samples were analyzed for total arsenic, using inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The districts with highest mean grain all southwestern...
In Holcus lanatus L. phosphate and arsenate are taken up by the same transport system. Short-term uptake kinetics of high affinity system were determined in excised roots arsenate-tolerant non-tolerant genotypes. tolerant plants Vmax ion grown phosphate-free media was decreased compared to plants, lower than plants. Both reduction increase Km led reduced influx into roots. When two genotypes nutrient solution containing levels phosphate, there little change however, a marked decrease level...
Paddy rice has been likened to nictiana sp in its ability scavenge cadmium (Cd) from soil, whereas arsenic (As) accumulation is commonly an order of magnitude higher than other cereal crops. In areas such as those found parts Hunan province south central China, base-metal mining activities and farming coexist. Therefore there a considerable likelihood that lead (Pb), addition Cd As, will accumulate grown this region above levels suitable for human consumption. To test hypothesis, widespread...
Cereal grains are the dominant source of cadmium in human diet, with rice being to fore. Here we explore effect geographic, genetic, and processing (milling) factors on grain consumption rates that lead dietary variance intake. From a survey 12 countries four continents, levels were highest Bangladesh Sri Lanka, both these also having high per capita intakes. For there was weekly intake from rice, leading intakes deemed unsafe by international national regulators. While genetic variance,...
A compartmented soil-glass bead culture system was used to investigate characteristics of iron plaque and arsenic accumulation speciation in mature rice plants with different capacities forming on their roots. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra extended fine were utilized identify the mineralogical sequestration Iron dominated by (oxyhydr)oxides, which composed ferrihydrite (81−100%), a minor amount goethite (19%) fitted one samples. Sequential extraction XANES data showed that...
Two approaches were undertaken to characterize the arsenic (As) content of Chinese rice. First, a national market basket survey (n = 240) was conducted in provincial capitals, sourcing grain from China's premier rice production areas. Second, reflect rural diets, paddy 195) directly farmers fields collected three regions Hunan, key producing province located southern China. sites within mining and smeltery districts, third devoid large-scale metal processing industries. Arsenic levels...
Abstract The biochemical responses of Holcus lanatus L. to copper and arsenate exposure were investigated in arsenate‐tolerant ‐non‐tolerant plants from uncontaminated arsenic/copper‐contaminated sites. Increases lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity phytochelatin (PC) production correlated with increasing exposure. In addition, significant differences observed between plants. Copper led the reactive oxygen species, resulting peroxidation non‐tolerant However, SOD was...
Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (S-XRF) was utilized to locate arsenic (As) in polished (white) and unpolished (brown) rice grains from the United States, China, Bangladesh. In white As generally dispersed throughout grain, bulk of which constitutes endosperm. brown found be preferentially localized at surface, region corresponding pericarp aleurone layer. Copper, iron, manganese, zinc localization followed that rice, while location for cadmium nickel distinctly different, showing...
• Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a ubiquitous human carcinogen, and rice (Oryza sativa) the main contributor to iAs in diet. Methylated pentavalent As species are less toxic routinely found plants; however, it currently unknown whether plants able methylate As. Rice, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) red clover (Trifolium pratense) were exposed iAs, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), or dimethylarsinic (DMA(V)), under axenic conditions. Rice seedlings also grown two soils nonsterile flooded...