The contact hypothesis states that, under the right conditions, between members of different groups leads to more positive intergroup relations. authors track recent trends in theory emergence extended, or indirect, forms contact. These advances lead an intriguing proposition: that simply imagining interactions can produce perceptions outgroups. discuss empirical research supporting imagined proposition and find it be approach is at once deceptively simple remarkably effective. Encouraging...

We investigated whether simply imagining contact with outgroup members can improve intergroup attitudes. In Experiment 1, young participants who imagined talking to an elderly person subsequently showed lower levels of bias than outdoor scene. 2, thought about people, ruling out a priming explanation for our findings. 3, heterosexual men homosexual man evaluated more positively, perceived there be greater variability among them, and experienced less anxiety compared control group. The effect...

Imagined intergroup contact (Crisp & Turner, 2009) is a new indirect strategy for promoting tolerance and more positive relations. Despite its relatively recent inception, there have now been over 70 studies showing that imagining interaction with an outgroup member can reduce prejudice encourage behavior. With this meta-analysis, we provide the first quantitative review of imagined effects on four key measures bias: attitudes, emotions, intentions, We also test moderators arising from...

Four studies examined gender differences in self-construals and the role of social comparison generating these differences. Consistent with previous research, Study 1 (N=461) showed that women define themselves as higher relational interdependence than men, men independence/agency women. 2 (N=301) within-gender decreases relative to a control condition, whereas between-genders increases on both independence/agency. Studies 3 (N=169) 4 (N=278) confirmed findings changing self-construal...

In contrast to authors of previous single-nation studies, we propose that supporting multiculturalism (MC) or assimilation (AS) is likely have different effects in countries, depending on the diversity policy place a particular country and associated norms. A causal model intergroup attitudes behaviors, integrating both country-specific factors (attitudes perceived norms related policy) general social-psychological determinants (social dominance orientation), was tested among participants...

Recent research has demonstrated that imagining intergroup contact can be sufficient to reduce explicit prejudice directed towards out‐groups. In this research, we examined the impact of contact‐related mental imagery on implicit as measured by association test. We found that, relative a control condition, young participants who imagined talking an elderly stranger subsequently showed more positive attitudes people in general. second study, non‐Muslim Muslim Muslims discuss implications...

Abstract In this article, we outline a new implementation of intergroup contact theory: imagined contact. The approach combines 50 years research into the effects with recent advances in social cognition. It represents both versatile experimental paradigm for investigating extended and indirect impacts contact, as well flexible effective tool practitioners policy makers their efforts to promote tolerance multicultural diversity. We describe theoretical basis effects, document emerging...

Much work has supported the idea that recategorization of ingroups and outgroups into a superordinate category can have beneficial effects for intergroup relations. Recently, however, increases in bias following been observed some contexts. It is argued such unwanted consequences will only be apparent perceivers who are highly committed to their ingroup subgroups. In Experiments 1 3, authors observed, on both explicit implicit measures, an increase occurred high subgroup identifiers....

To reduce prejudice psychologists design interventions requiring people to think of counter-stereotypes (i.e., who defy stereotypic expectations— a strong woman, Black President). Grounded in the idea that stereotypes constrain ability flexibly, we propose thinking can have benefits extend beyond goal reduction—in particular tasks measuring cognitive flexibility and creative performance. Findings supported this conjecture. In Experiment 1 priming gender counter-stereotype enhanced...

Previous meta-analytic reviews of the literature on crossed categorization have uncovered a number important findings; however, several questions remain unanswered and may best be tackled using more traditional narrative approach. This review divides studies into those that are relevant to (a) which pattern evaluation prevails in multiple contexts, (b) what processes account for effects, (c) whether can reduce intergroup bias relative simple categorization. Re-examination existing theory...

The authors aimed to establish whether interventions designed reduce intergroup bias could be applied the stereotype threat domain. In three experiments, hypothesis was tested that blurring boundaries would threat. first study, it found female participants who thought about characteristics shared between genders tended show less preference for stereotypical careers than did in baseline condition. Experiment 2, overlapping answered more math questions correctly compared a group and...

The authors hypothesized that experienced and imagined intergenerational contact should improve older people's math test performance under stereotype threat. In Experiment 1 (N=51, mean age=69 years), positive prior with grandchildren eliminated threat, which was mediated partially by reduced test-related anxiety. 2 (N=84, age=72 the effect of threat on significantly improved when participants merely contact, a situation again Previous research established intergroup improves attitudes....

Two experiments explored whether crossing social category memberships can reduce intergroup bias. Experiment 1 provided a precise comparison between discrimination against single outgroups, partial and double outgroups. Intergroup bias perceived similarity followed an additive pattern such that outgroups were discriminated as much whereas both to lesser extent than In 2, more realistic form of was employed whereby five additional dimensions categorization considered by participants instead...

Intergroup contact improves intergroup relations. In some cases, however, actual is impractical and here imagining (Crisp & Turner, 2009) may represent a viable alternative. While initial findings have been promising, imagined research has yet to confirm whether it enables critical process involved in successful contact: member-to-group generalization. We tested the hypothesis that contact, specific enhancements technique, are enabling form of generalized self-efficacy. Experiment 1...

Intergroup contact plays a crucial role in moderating long-term conflicts. Unfortunately, the motivation to make with outgroup members is usually very low such We hypothesized that one limiting factor belief groups cannot change, which leads increased intergroup anxiety and decreased motivation. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally manipulated beliefs about group malleability context of conflict between Greek Turkish Cypriots then assessed engage contact. who were led believe can...

Intergroup Contact Theory maintains that the most effective way to reduce prejudice and discrimination is through contact between groups. However, where actual impractical, or unlikely, imagined intergroup (Crisp & Turner, 2009) may represent a viable alternative. This study tested in context defined by extremely low levels of contact, inter-ethnically divided island Cyprus. Turkish Cypriot participants who repeatedly positive with Greek Cypriots subsequently reported greater intentions...