Abstract Recent work suggests that AlphaFold (AF)–a deep learning-based model can accurately infer protein structure from sequence–may discern important features of folded energy landscapes, defined by the diversity and frequency different conformations in state. Here, we test limits its predictive power on fold-switching proteins, which assume two structures with regions distinct secondary and/or tertiary structure. We find (1) AF is a weak predictor fold switching (2) some successes result...

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia debilitating the global ageing population. Current understanding AD pathophysiology implicates aggregation amyloid beta (Aβ) as causative to neurodegeneration, with tauopathies, apolipoprotein E and neuroinflammation considered other culprits. Curiously, vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction strongly associated Aβ deposition 80-90% subjects also experience cerebral angiopathy. Here we show protein-induced leakiness (APEL) in...

In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed structural biology, particularly protein structure prediction. Though AI-based methods, such as AlphaFold (AF), often predict single conformations of proteins with high accuracy and confidence, predictions alternative folds are inaccurate, low-confidence, or simply not predicted at all. Here, we review three blind spots that reveal about AF-based First, assume distinct from their training-set homologs can be...

Abstract. PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 were sampled at Gosan ABC Superstation on Jeju Island from August 2007 to September 2008. The carbonaceous aerosols quantified with the thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) method, which produced five organic carbon (OC) fractions, OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, pyrolyzed (OP), three elemental (EC) EC1, EC2, EC3. mean mass concentrations of 13.7 μg m−3, 17.2 28.4 respectively. averaged fractions OC EC 23.0% 10.4% for 22.9% 9.8% 16.4% 6.0% PM10. Among sub-components, OC2...

A globally imminent shortage of freshwater has been demanding viable strategies for improving desalination efficiencies with the adoption cost- and energy-efficient membrane materials. The recently explored 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) near atomic thickness have envisioned to offer notable advantages as high-efficiency membranes owing their structural uniqueness; that is, extremely small intrinsic porosity. Despite theoretically projected advantages, experimental realization...

The global-scale production of plastics has been instrumental in advancing modern society, while the rising accumulation landfills, oceans, and anything between become a major stressor on environmental sustainability, climate, and, potentially, human health. While mechanical chemical forces man nature can eventually break down or recycle plastics, our understanding biological fingerprints especially nanoplastics, remains poor. Here we report phenomenon associated with nanoplastic forms...

Abstract. The Mass Absorption Cross section (MAC) and Ångström Exponent (AAE) have been commonly estimated for ambient aerosols but rarely black carbon (BC) or organic aerosol (OA) alone in the conditions. Here, we provide estimates of BC (and OA) MAC AAE East Asian outflow, by analyzing field data collected at Gosan ABC super site. At this site, EC OC) mass, absorption coefficient 7 wavelengths PM mass density were continuously measured from October 2009 to June 2010. We remove with...

Amyloid fibrils playing a critical role in disease expression, have recently been found to exhibit the excellent mechanical properties such as elastic modulus order of 10 GPa, which is comparable that other proteins microtubule, actin filament, and spider silk. These remarkable amyloid are correlated with their functional expression. This suggests importance understanding how these originated through self-assembly process may depend on amino acid sequence. However,...

The effect of metal ion on the formation amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates, which are a hallmark for neurodegenerative disease, was studied based full atomistic molecular dynamics simulations.

Nanomaterial-induced endothelial leakiness (NanoEL) is an interfacial phenomenon denoting the paracellular transport of nanoparticles that pertinent to nanotoxicology, nanomedicine and biomedical engineering. While NanoEL complementary enhanced permeability retention effect in terms their common applicability delineating behavior tumoral environments, these two effects significantly differ scope, origin, manifestation. In current study, descriptors are fully examined elicited by generic...

Abstract. Carbonaceous and soluble ionic species of PM1.0 PM10 were measured along with the absorption scattering properties aerosol number size distributions at Gosan Climate Observatory (GCO) from January to September 2008. The daily averaged equivalent black carbon (EBC) as exhibited two types spectral dependence a distinct maximum (peak) either 370 nm or 880 nm, by which subsets extracted classified into respective groups (370 nm). group was distinguished high organic (OC) concentrations...

Mechanical characteristics between spider and silkworm silks fibroins at nano scale are different owing to end serine residue in silkworm.

Actin polymerization drives cell movement and provides cells with structural integrity. Intracellular environments contain high concentrations of solutes, including organic compounds, macromolecules, proteins. Macromolecular crowding has been shown to affect actin filament stability bulk kinetics. However, the molecular mechanisms behind how influences individual assembly are not well understood. In this study, we investigated modulates kinetics using total internal reflection fluorescence...

Amyloid proteins, implicated in numerous aging-related diseases, possess remarkable mechanical properties. Polymorphism leads to different arrangements of β sheets amyloid fibrils, which changes the characteristics hydrogen bond network that determines their properties and structural characteristics. We performed bending simulations using molecular dynamics methods under constant-velocity conditions directions. Two fibril structures, parallel/homo parallel/hetero, hIAPP amyloids were...

The cellular environment is crowded with high concentrations of macromolecules that significantly reduce accessible volume for biomolecular interactions. Reductions in can generate depletion forces affect protein assembly and stability. mechanical structural properties actin filaments play critical roles various functions, including support, cell movement, division, intracellular transport. Although the effects molecular crowding on polymerization have been shown, how environments filament...

Based on experimental and simulation studies to gain insight into the suppression of ambipolar conduction in two distinct tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) devices (that is, an asymmetric source-drain doping or a properly designed gate underlap), here we report fabrication electrical/mechanical characterization flexible complementary TFET (c-TFET) inverter plastic substrate using multiple silicon nanowires (SiNWs) as channel material. The static voltage transfer characteristic SiNW...

Abstract Amyloid fibrils, which cause a number of degenerative diseases, are insoluble under physiological conditions and supported by native contacts. Recently, the effects aromatic residues on Aβ amyloid protofibril were investigated in ThT fluorescence study. However, relationship between material characteristics its has not yet been atomic scale. Here, we successfully constructed wild‐type (WT) mutated types protofibrils using molecular dynamics simulations. Through principle component...

Pathological amyloid proteins are associated with degenerative and neurodegenerative diseases. These develop as oligomer, fibrillar, plaque forms, due to the denatured unstable status of monomers. Specifically, development fibrillar has been investigated through several experimental studies. To understand generation fibrils, environmental factors such point mutations, pH, polymorphic characteristics have considered. Recently, fibril studies related end-capping effects conducted development....