This letter reports a performance analysis of dual-hop relay system composed asymmetric radio-frequency and free-space optics (RF/FSO) links. approach is based on the fact that FSO links can provide even wider bandwidths as compared to RF ones. In particular, an exact closed-form expression for end-to-end outage probability RF/FSO derived. Overall, show slightly worse than RF/RF links, but gap gradually reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases. Our mathematical results were verified by...

This article presents the seven-step process involved in building a practical Wi-Fi-based indoor navigation system, which was implemented at COEX complex Seoul, Korea, October 2010. The describes primary activities each step using example. More than 200,000 users have downloaded system since its first release. successful launch of suggests that is becoming reality.

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) in free-space optics communications with subcarrier intensity modulation has been a big research issue due to the diversity gain of MIMO mitigate signal scintillation caused by atmospheric turbulence. In this work, we have analyzed performance Alamouti scheme FSO links. Particularly, power series expression average bit-error rate (BER) is derived gamma-gamma fading channels. As result, could achieve high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 37 dB strong turbulence...

We propose a three-dimensional (3D) polarized MIMO channel model, which takes into account 3D power angular spectrum and comprehensive propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves excited by antennas. Based on the we derive close form expression spatial correlation as function physical parameters representing both arbitrary antennas environment in space. The allows to use Von Mises Fisher (VMF) distribution, resulting more accurate general model. Through simulation, evaluate compare...

Summary: Protein Structural Interactome map (PSIMAP) is a global interaction that describes domain–domain and protein–protein information for known Data Bank structures. It calculates the Euclidean distance to determine interactions between possible pairs of structural domains in proteins. PSIbase database file server protein calculated by PSIMAP algorithm. also provides an easy-to-use domain assignment module, navigation visual tools. Users can retrieve partners their proteins interests if...

This paper presents a novel method to reduce the recalibration costs of radio map by automatically updating map. The appearance frequencies access points (APs) detected from user feedback data are mainly used for update. proposed appeared superior previous methods, especially in its ability update newly installed APs According experiment conducted 233 Seoul subway stops, was effective with weak as well strong signal strengths.

In this paper, we report for the first time, growth of high quality ultrathin oxynitrides formed by nitridation SiO/sub 2/ in nitric oxide (NO) ambient using in-situ rapid thermal processing (RTP). This process is highly self-limited compared with N/sub 2/O oxidation silicon. A significant improvement interface endurance and charge trapping properties, under constant current stress, to pure O/sub 2/-grown 2/O-grown oxides observed. The NO will have a great impact on future CMOS EEPROM...

Effects of NH3 nitridation on the chemical and electrical properties N2O oxides have been studied. Compared with NH3-nitrided SiO2, does not degrade oxides, thus resulting in superior impurity diffusion barrier properties, while preserving excellent interface immunity to hot-carrier injection much lower charge trapping. Correlation studies between SiO2 done explain these results.

Flexible piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO)-based nanogenerators (NGs) using an aluminum nitride (AlN) interlayer are proposed for high-efficiency energy harvesting applications. The effects of the AlN on device performance studied. Use in ZnO-based vertically integrated NGs (VINGs) results a significant improvement terms magnitude output voltages up to 200 times when compared with VING without any interlayer. improved conversion efficiency is mainly attributed high contact potential barrier...

In this letter, we investigate the performance of a coherent free-space optical (FSO) communications system considering geometric spread and pointing errors as well atmospheric turbulence fading path loss. particular, derive outage probability average error FSO system, combined effects loss, errors, amplitude fluctuations phase aberrations in series representations forms. Numerical Monte Carlo simulation results confirm validity derived expressions.

The technique of NH/sub 3/ nitridation N/sub 2/O oxides is proposed and demonstrated for increasing nitrogen concentration in so as to improve the resistance boron penetration, without any adverse effects on electrical reliability properties. Results show that 3/-nitrided exhibit excellent (low fixed charge) (smaller charge trapping suppressed interface state generation) properties, with an additional advantage significantly improved generation. This may have a great impact...

The free-carrier-modulated ZnO:N thin film-based flexible nanogenerators (NZTF-FNGs) are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. suggested (FNGs) fabricated using N-doped ZnO films (NZTFs) as their piezoelectric active elements, which deposited by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique with an N2O reactive gas in situ dopant source. Considerable numbers of N atoms uniformly incorporated into NZTFs overall during growth, would enable them to significantly compensate the...

A detailed study of time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in N/sub 2/O-grown thin (47-120 AA) silicon oxides is reported. significant degradation properties was observed with increasing oxide growth temperatures. physical model based on undulations at the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface proposed to account for degradation. Accelerated higher operating temperatures and fields as well thickness dependence TDDB are studied under both polarities injection. Breakdown unipolar bipolar stress 2/O...

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a dual-hop relaying system composed asymmetric radio frequency (RF) and free-space optics (FSO) (RF/FSO) links. We consider an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay which converts received RF signal into optical using subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM) scheme. The FSO channels are assumed to experience Rayleigh Gamma-Gamma fading distributions, respectively. Particularly, derive average probability error as well ergodic capacity upper bound RF/FSO...

In this letter, we present a multiframe L-slot planar dipole loaded with single microstripline for multiband antenna systems. The is achieved by creating on host and also loading the to generate couple of shunts series capacitive gaps an inductive strip, eventually forming LC-like resonators. supports several wireless communication bands including: LTE at 1.7 ~ 1.8 2.3 2.6 GHz; WLAN 2.4 2.5, 5.2, 5.8 WiBro/WiMAX 3 4 GHz. addition, validate behaviors, proposed simple equivalent circuit...

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-mixed DL-alanine (PVA/DL-alanine) polycrystals are fabricated, and their piezoelectric characteristics in the d33 mode investigated. The coefficients of PVA/DL-alanine found to increase with an weight ratio DL-alanine, polycrystal composed PVA a 1:3 exhibits ∼5 pC/N. discussed terms crystal structure by employing scanning electron microscopy X-ray diffraction analyses. To confirm performance polycrystals, voltages device single layer ZnO thin film...

In this paper, a two-step radio frequency (RF) sputtering deposition technique for piezoelectric ZnO film formation and its successful application bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) devices are presented. Several critical parameters of the RF process such as pressure, power O 2 concentration were studied to clarify their effects on material characteristics films. The films deposited by proposed shown have growth characteristic strongly preferred orientation toward c -axis. FBAR with showed large...

This letter proposes a very low-complexity maximum-likelihood (ML) detection algorithm based on QR decomposition for the quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (QSTBC) with four transmit antennas, called LC-ML decoder. The proposed enables QSTBC to achieve ML performance significant reduction in computational load any high-level modulation scheme.

Amyloid proteins, implicated in numerous aging-related diseases, possess remarkable mechanical properties. Polymorphism leads to different arrangements of β sheets amyloid fibrils, which changes the characteristics hydrogen bond network that determines their properties and structural characteristics. We performed bending simulations using molecular dynamics methods under constant-velocity conditions directions. Two fibril structures, parallel/homo parallel/hetero, hIAPP amyloids were...

This paper presents a fully integrated 5.8-GHz dedicated short-range communication transceiver with 10- μA interference-aware wake-up receiver (WuRx) for Chinese electronic toll collection system terminals that can operate low standby and operating current consumption. To reduce the consumption, high-gain RF envelope detector using voltage-boosting method is proposed both WuRx (Rx) while high-power ASK modulator extends output dynamic range in power Additionally, delay-based bandpass filter...

Recent studies have focused on the development of efficient, flexible, and highly sensitive ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs) with various wide band-gap materials. In present study, application environmentally friendly zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-CO3:LDH) is demonstrated for a high-performance, flexible UV PD. The vertically oriented ZnAl:LDH nanosheets (ZnAl:LDH Ns) are facilely synthesized by dipping sputtered 10 wt % aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films in deionized...

In this letter, we investigate the performance of a coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication system with multiple receive apertures over atmospheric turbulence fading channels. particular, derive average error probability and ergodic capacity FSO in series representations. To mitigate turbulence-induced amplitude fluctuations phase aberrations, use, at apertures, modal compensation technique. Numerical results confirm derived expressions.

A wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) for long-term evolution applications is presented. capacitive cross-coupled common-gate in combination with current-bleeding common-source topologies adopted input matching, high gain and low noise figure (NF). Inter-cascade inductors are to cancel the inter-stage parasitics, which extend matching operational bandwidth higher frequency additional NF reduction. Implemented a 0.18 µm CMOS technology, proposed LNA shows voltage of 17 dB, < 2.5 |S 11| than 10...