This study sought to determine whether tight glycemic control with a modified glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients would improve perioperative outcomes.One hundred forty-one undergoing CABG were prospectively randomized (serum glucose, 125 200 mg/dL) GIK or standard therapy glucose <250 using intermittent subcutaneous insulin beginning before anesthesia and continuing for 12 hours after surgery. had lower serum levels (138+/-4...

Background— Many clinicians believe that statins cause muscle pain, but this has not been observed in clinical trials, and the effect of on performance carefully studied. Methods Results— The Effect Statins Skeletal Muscle Function Performance (STOMP) study assessed symptoms measured creatine kinase, exercise capacity, strength before after atorvastatin 80 mg or placebo was administered for 6 months to 420 healthy, statin-naive subjects. No individual kinase value exceeded 10 times normal,...

Previous studies have reported that walking cadence (steps/min) is associated with absolutely-defined intensity (metabolic equivalents; METs), such cadence-based thresholds could serve as reasonable proxy values for ambulatory intensities. To establish definitive heuristic (i.e., evidence-based, practical, rounded) linking moderate (3 METs) and vigorous (6 intensity. In this laboratory-based cross-sectional study, 76 healthy adults (10 men 10 women representing each 5-year age-group category...

Physical activity or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity and opposes the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. The combination may be more effective because each treatment stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle. We evaluated effects of exercise training plus on men women with prediabetes, compared alone.For 12 weeks, were assigned following groups: placebo (P), 2,000 mg/day (M), (EP), (EM) (n = 8 per group). Before after intervention, was measured by...

When previously sedentary men and women follow exercise training programs with ad libitum feeding, lose body fat, but do not. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether observation could be related sex differences in the way energy-regulating hormones appetite perception respond exercise. Eighteen (9 men, 9 women) overweight/obese individuals completed four bouts energy added baseline diet maintain balance (BAL), without induce deficit (DEF). Concentrations acylated ghrelin, insulin,...

This study sought to determine whether aggressive glycemic control (90-120 mg/dL) would result in more optimal clinical outcomes and less morbidity than moderate (120-180 diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.Maintaining serum glucose levels between 120 180 mg/dL with continuous insulin infusions decreases CABG surgery. Studies surgical requiring prolonged ventilation suggest that (<120 may improve survival; however, its effect is unknown.Eighty-two were...

Results from the Diabetes Prevention Program highlight effectiveness of metformin or regular physical activity in prevention type 2 diabetes. Independently, and exercise increase insulin sensitivity, but they have not been studied combination. To assess combined effects, insulin-resistant subjects ( n = 9) matched for weight, body fat, aerobic fitness were before any treatment (B), after 2–3 wk 2,000 mg/day (MET), plus 40 min at 65% V̇o 2peak (MET + Ex). A second group 7) was baseline an...

This study determined the contribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling to protective adaptation human skeletal muscle known as repeated-bout effect (RBE). Muscle biopsies were obtained 3 hours, 2 days, and 27 days following an initial bout (B1) lengthening contractions (LCs) a repeated (B2) in separate studies. Biopsies from nonexercised legs served controls. In first study, global transcriptomic analysis indicated widespread changes ECM structural, deadhesive, signaling...

Abstract Background In younger adults (i.e., those &lt; 40 years of age) a walking cadence 100 steps/min is consistently supported threshold indicative absolutely-defined moderate intensity ambulation ≥ 3 metabolic equivalents; METs). Less known about the cadence-intensity relationship in middle-age. Purpose To establish heuristic evidence-based, practical, rounded) thresholds for (3 METs) and vigorous (6 41 to 60 age. Methods this cross-sectional study, 80 healthy middle-age (10 men 10...

Abstract Background Heuristic (i.e., evidence-based, rounded) cadences of ≥100 and ≥ 130 steps/min have consistently corresponded with absolutely-defined moderate (3 metabolic equivalents [METs]) vigorous (6 METs) physical activity intensity, respectively, in adults 21–60 years age. There is no consensus regarding similar thresholds older adults. Purpose To provide heuristic cadence for 3, 4, 5, 6 METs 61–85-year-old Methods Ninety-eight community-dwelling ambulatory ostensibly healthy (age...

To assess the roles of endogenous estrogen (E 2 ) and progesterone (P 4 in regulating exercise carbohydrate use, we used pharmacological suppression replacement to create three distinct hormonal environments: baseline (B), with E P low; only (E), high estrogen/progesterone + P), high. Blood glucose uptake (R d ), total oxidation (CHO ox estimated muscle glycogen utilization (EMGU) were assessed during 60 min submaximal by use stable isotope dilution indirect calorimetry eight eumenorrheic...

Abstract Impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) adults are at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise or metformin reduce CVD risk, but the efficacy of combining treatments is unclear. Objective: To determine effects exercise training plus (EM), compared with each treatment alone, on factors in IGT adults. Design and Methods: Subjects were assigned to placebo (P), (M), (EP), EM (8/group). In a double‐blind design, P 2,000 mg/d M administered 12 weeks half performed aerobic...

Individually, exercise and the drug metformin have been shown to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. Metformin mildly inhibits complex I of electron transport system may impact aerobic capacity in people exercising while taking metformin. The purpose study was evaluate effects on maximal healthy individuals without mitochondrial dysfunction. Seventeen healthy, normal-weight men (n = 11) women 6) participated a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Peak measured twice using...

Limited data exist on the molecular mechanisms that govern skeletal muscle regeneration in humans. This study characterized early alterations humans to eccentric contractions (ECs), a stimulus known induce regenerative response. Thirty-five subjects completed 100 ECs of knee extensors with 1 leg, and biopsies were taken from both legs 3 h post-EC. The sample non-EC leg served as control. We first conducted well-powered transcriptomic screen network analysis. Our identified significant...

During exercise, obese individuals oxidize less glycogen and more fat than their lean counterparts, but the shift in substrate use may be mediated by insulin resistance rather body per se. In addition, with Type 2 diabetes are not resistant to contraction-mediated glucose uptake during vivo studies uncomplicated hyperglycemia lacking. The purpose of this study was compare blood balance between carbohydrate utilization exercise insulin-resistant (IR) insulin-sensitive (IS) women equivalent...

OBJECTIVE Although Caribbean Latinos are two to three times more likely than non-Hispanic whites develop diabetes, cultural influences on nutrition and health poorly understood. To provide insight into important features of diabetes prevention management, we conducted focus groups explore practices beliefs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty low-income urban with non-insulin-dependent mellitus (NIDDM) four familymembers participated in group interviews that were Boston Cambridge,...

Skeletal muscle fatigue occurs, in part, from accumulation of hydrogen (H+) and phosphate (Pi); however, the molecular basis through which these ions inhibit function is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined effects metabolites on myosin-actin cross-bridge kinetics mechanical properties skeletal fibers older (65-75 years) adults. Slow-contracting myosin heavy chain (MHC) I fast-contracting MHC IIA were under control (5 mM Pi, pH 7.0) (30 6.2) conditions at maximal calcium-activation...

PURPOSE This study examined the self-reported impact of different factors on overall diabetes care college students with type 1 diabetes. METHODS An 18-item questionnaire was mailed to 164 attending away from home; results 42 fulfilled criteria and were analyzed. Metabolic control assessed by relative changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA c) levels medical records. RESULTS HbA c did not change significantly between high school college, yet most reported that more difficult manage college....

Short-term exercise training improves insulin action, but the impact of replacing energy expended during to prevent deficit is unclear. The purpose this study was establish role an in mediating improved action after short-term training. Two groups previously sedentary, overweight/obese subjects performed 6 consecutive days moderate-intensity walking expend ∼500 kcal/day. In one group, and carbohydrate replaced [balance group (BAL), n = 8] other not [deficit (DEF), 8]. Insulin (blood glucose...