A new East Asian winter monsoon index, which reflects the 300-hPa meridional wind shear associated with jet stream, was defined to describe variability of in midlatitude Asia. This index represents very well seasonal mean temperature over Korea, Japan, and eastern China. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center Atmospheric Research reanalysis data from 1958 2001 were used examine composite structures strong weak monsoons based on this index. is characterized by an...

Abstract A new northeast Asian summer monsoon index is introduced to investigate the characteristics of rainfall variation, including Korea, Japan, and China, its possible connection tropical midlatitude circulations. The precipitation over Asia separated into two components associated with forcing dynamics using this index. between ENSO clearly identified by separating Tropics-related component from rainfall. That is, tends be enhanced after mature phase El Niño. On other hand, it revealed...

Abstract The effect of Langmuir circulation (LC) on vertical mixing is parameterized in the ocean mixed layer model (OMLM), based analysis large-eddy simulation (LES) results. Parameterization LC effects carried out terms modifications length scale as well inclusion contribution from Stokes force momentum and TKE equations. performance new OMLM examined by comparing with LES results, together sensitivity tests for empirical constants used parameterization. then applied to general (OGCM)...

The most striking features observed in the strong East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) are seasonal change anomalous western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and accompanying convective activities over tropical Indian Ocean. WNPSH associated with EASM has been studied through model experiments. results of numerical experiments indicate that a seasonality respect to its intensity location. This is due difference between contributions remote local sea surface temperature forcings It also...

A commercial aircraft, departing from Seoul to Jeju Island in South Korea, encountered a convectively induced turbulence (CIT) at about z = 2.2 km near on 28 October 2018. At this time, the observed radar reflectivity showed that convective band with cloud tops of 6–7 passed CIT region high values spectral width (SW; larger than 4 m s–1). Using 1 Hz wind data recorded by we estimated an objective intensity as cube root eddy dissipation rate (EDR) based inertial range technique, which was...

An atmosphere‐ocean mixed layer coupled model is developed to predict the diurnal variability of sea surface temperature (SST). For this purpose, a new developed, which able reproduce realistic profiles under various atmospheric conditions, ranging from formation thermocline strong wind appearance near stratification weak wind. The predicted warming SST (ΔSST) compared with satellite and buoy data in aspects, including scatterplots, time series, probability density functions ΔSST, order...

Abstract Seasonal variations of the upper ocean, such as mixed layer depth (MLD) and sea surface temperature (SST), responding to atmospheric forcing in North Pacific (10°N–50°N), are investigated by analyzing Argo NCEP/NCAR reanalysis 1 data. The OAFlux data also used for comparison. During early heating period high‐latitude ocean north 30°N, where a seasonal thermocline is formed above deep under strong heating, MLD h found be scaled , L Monin‐Obukhov length scale λ Ekman scale. On other...

Abstract This study aims to investigate the impact of increased vertical resolution on global medium-range forecasts. For this purpose, dependencies simulated atmospheric temperature and specific humidity lowest model level height grid spacing are investigated. The reduced first increases turbulent mixing by determining a higher planetary boundary layer (PBL) associated diffusivities velocity scales. contributes warming/drying within PBL cooling/moistening above PBL. Resulting dryness near...

The characteristics of the rainfall events on Korean peninsula have been investigated by means regional and global observational data collected from 1954 to 2004 with an emphasis extreme cases <TEX>$80\;mm\;day^{-1}$</TEX>. According our analysis, long-term annual anomalies show increasing trend. This trend is pronounced in month August, when both amount monthly frequency increase significantly. Composite maps August during 8 wet years reveal warm SST over eastern Philippine Sea which are...

Characteristic patterns of atmospheric circulation anomalies over the northeast Asian region in dry and wet premonsoon seasons were analyzed here. The relationship between these season precipitation monsoon was also investigated. persistent features extreme Asia from to have been found. In order understand some characteristics associated with precipitation, six cases selected. Both conditions nearly each case. For cases, weakened western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH)...

The hybrid superconductor magnet bearing system for a lunar telescope has been developed based on passive magnetic levitation and the flux pinning effect of high-temperature superconductivity. rationale lies in unique capability superconductors (HTS) to adapt low temperature vacuum environments space or Moon, enhance stability passively without power consumption. Characterization experiments have conducted understand its dynamic behavior estimate required motor torque driving design. show...

The influence of the Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) on characteristic variability boreal wintertime atmospheric circulation among El Niño events is investigated by carrying out singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis and general model (GCM) experiments. From SVD SST 300-hPa streamfunction in winter, first mode associated with strength itself has a positive trend its time series second North variation includes substantial event-to-event variability. thus important for explaining...

Abstract The accurate treatment of surface turbulent fluxes is crucial for understanding the exchange heat and moisture, which plays an important role in precipitation processes. In bulk formula estimating atmospheric models, ocean assumed to be saturated with pure water. This study addresses impact salinity on simulated a global numerical weather prediction model, along related physical reasoning, by incorporating sea into vapor pressure over ocean. revised algorithm, considered, decreases...

다수의 기후요소를 지수화하고 특정지역의 기후 자원량을 분석하여, 종합 및 판단하는 과정은 농업기후자원의 특성을 한 눈에 알 수 있게 한다. 특징을 단순 명료하게 표현한 것을 농업기후지수라고 하는데, 이 지수는 기후자원(예, 기온, 일사, 강수)으로부터 작물의 생육과 수량 추측을 위한 가능성과 여러 가지 영농기술을 실시하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공함으로써 농업생산성의 주요 지표가 될 있다. 그러나 농업기후지수는 절대적인 것이 아니기 때문에 기후변화에 따라 항상 변화할 최근 IPCC 제5차 평가보고서에서 온실가스 대표경로(RCP)에 따른 시나리오가 많은 연구에 이용됨에 따라서 기후정보의 역학 통계적 규모축소를 통한 미래기후변화전망정보의 불확실성을 고려한 연구들이 활발히 진행되고 본 연구에서는 평가 보고서에 사용된 RCP 시나리오를 기반으로 비모수적 분위사상법을 이용한 상세화된 기후변화 전망정보를 바탕으로 한반도의 농업기후지수(예, 식물기간 작물기간, 생장도일, 무상기간)의...

Abstract A new method of producing sea surface temperature (SST) data for numerical weather prediction is suggested, which obtained from the assimilation satellite-derived SST into an atmosphere–ocean mixed layer coupled model. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Noh model are used atmosphere ocean models, respectively. Data (DA) carried out in two steps, based on estimation covariance matching that daily mean satellite more accurate than data, if number a grid per day...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrologic impacts climate and land use changes in a rural small watershed. HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model, ver.3) A2 scenario LARS-WG (Long Ashton Research Station - Weather Generator) were used generate future climatic data. Future data also generated by CA-Markov (Cellular Automata-Markov) method. Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was impacts. SWAT calibrated validated with stream flow measured at Baran watershed Korea. simulation...

[1] Optimal initial perturbation is an important issue related to the improvement of current seasonal climate prediction. In this study, we have applied empirical singular vector method ensemble El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction with Seoul National University coupled general circulation model. It found that from linear operator, leading mode, which represents fast growing error mode in tropical Pacific, shows Niño–like present When used as perturbation, forecast skill ENSO...

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the basic components hydrologic cycle and essential for estimating irrigation water requirements. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) models reference crop evapotranspiration (<TEX>$ET_0$</TEX>) estimation were developed on a monthly basis (May~October). The trained tested Suwon, Korea. Four climate factors, daily maximum temperature (<TEX>$T_{max}$</TEX>), minimum (<TEX>$T_{min}$</TEX>), rainfall (R), solar radiation (S) used as input parameters...

In order to evaluate the model performance in simulating Northeast Asian summer climate, and investigate effect of global warming on climate over region, multi-model ensemble eight atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation models historical (20C3M) scenarios (A2, A1B, B1) runs are analyzed, which is participating Intergovern mental Panel Climate Change fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4). From comparison ob servation 20C3M experiment, it found that quite well simulates precipitation...

An observed sea fog event over the Eastern Yellow Sea on 15–16 April 2012 was reproduced in Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation with high-resolution to investigate roles of physical processes synoptic-scale flows advection phase transition. First, it verified by a satellite-based detection algorithm situ observation data. In simulation, longwave (infrared) radiative cooling (LRC) downward turbulent sensible heat flux (SHF), due turbulence after sunset, triggered cloud formation...

Sediment discharge by long-term runoff in the Nakdong River watershed should be predicted for maintenance and management of newly changed four major river restoration project. The data establishment analysis sediment using model is necessary to predict possible problems incoming sediments prepare countermeasures management. Therefore, discharges main points were calculated SWAT(soil water assessment tool) relations features between rainfall, runoff, analyzed this study. As a result...