Mitochondrial calcium uptake proteins 1 and 2 (MICU1 MICU2) mediate mitochondrial Ca 2+ influx via the uniporter (MCU). Its molecular action for is tightly controlled by MICU1–MICU2 heterodimer, which comprises sensing act as gatekeepers at low [Ca ] or facilitators high ]. However, mechanism underlying regulation of gatekeeping threshold through MCU heterodimer remains unclear. In this study, we determined crystal structure apo form human that functions gatekeeper. MICU1 MICU2 assemble in...

The dynamin-like GTPase atlastin is believed to be the minimal machinery required for homotypic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane fusion, mainly because Drosophila sufficient drive liposome fusion. However, it remains unclear whether mammalian atlastins, including three human are induce raising doubts about their major roles in cells. Here, we show that all atlastins fusion when reconstituted into liposomes with a lipid composition mimicking of ER. Although fusogenic activity ATL1, which...

Forensic scientists are frequently requested to differentiate between, or compare, adhesive tapes from a suspect crime scene. The most common polymers used back packaging tape polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride. Much of the oriented (OPP) needed produce tapes, regardless brand, is supplied by just few polymer manufacturers. Consequently, composition backing material varies little. Therefore, discriminating power classical methods (physical fit, dimensions, colour, morphology, FTIR,...

Toluene, a clear, colorless liquid with distinctive smell, is the most commonly used industrial organic solvent. The adverse effects of chronic toluene exposure have been reported. abuse volatile substances practiced mainly by adolescents and young adults. Chronic causes permanent changes in brain structure correlated dysfunction; therefore, it important to monitor level prevent neurological damages. In this study, immunochromatographic analysis was performed measure exposed easily...

Abstract The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) plays essential roles in homeostasis and regulates cellular functions, such as energy synthesis, cell growth, development. Thus, MCU activity is tightly controlled by its regulators well post-translational modification, including phosphorylation protein kinases proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) AMP-activated (AMPK). In our vitro assay, the N-terminal domain (NTD) was phosphorylated C isoforms (PKC βII , PKC δ ε ) localized matrix....

Ca 2+ regulates several cellular functions, including signaling events, energy production, and cell survival. These processes are mediated by -binding proteins, such as EF-hand superfamily proteins. Among the allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) swiprosin-1/EF-hand domain-containing protein 2 (EFhd2) cytosolic actin-binding AIF-1 modulates cytoskeleton increases migration of immune cells. EFhd2 is also a cytoskeletal implicated in activation brain functions. EFhd1, mitochondrial fraternal...

Characteristic patterns of atmospheric circulation anomalies over the northeast Asian region in dry and wet premonsoon seasons were analyzed here. The relationship between these season precipitation monsoon was also investigated. persistent features extreme Asia from to have been found. In order understand some characteristics associated with precipitation, six cases selected. Both conditions nearly each case. For cases, weakened western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH)...

Abstract We analysed anomalous large‐scale atmospheric circulations during springtime droughts that occurred over northeast Asia between 1960 and 2005. The Palmer drought severity index was used in order to define years. Anomalies with regard the intensity of Western North Pacific subtropical high, position East Asian jet (EAJ), sea surface temperatures (SSTs) Ocean years are apparent. In years, circulation weakens northward flow from Pacific. addition, EAJ maximum core is shifted southward,...

EF-hand proteins, which contain a Ca 2+ -binding motif, are involved in regulating diverse cellular functions. binding induces conformational changes that modulate the activities of proteins. Moreover, these proteins occasionally modify their by coordinating metals other than , including Mg Pb and Zn within EF-hands. EFhd1 EFhd2 homologous with similar structures. Although separately localized cells, both actin-binding F-actin rearrangement through -independent -dependent actin-bundling...

A variety of outstanding experimental results on mechanical properties carbon nanotube (CNT) are fast appearing. Nevertheless, CNT have been rarely understood because measurement difficulties. The response multi walled (MWNT) to strain applied with a nano-manipulator was investigated inside scanning electron microscope (SEM). MWNTs were produced by arc-discharge method and the protruded sample for tensile test selected among fragment which has rectilinearity purity above 40%. average...

수소를 친환경적 에너지원으로 사용하는 경우, 수소 압력용기용 강재의 수소취화 평가 및 안전성에 대한 신뢰성이 확보되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는, in-situ SP 시험법을 적용하여 저장용기로 사용이 검토되고 있는 SA372 가스 거동을 평가하였다. 표면가공 조건을 달리한 시험편을 사용하여 대기압, 고압 수소가스 압력하에서 펀치속도를 시험을 통해 가스수소취화 조사하였다. 그 결과, 강은 가스수소 현저한 나타내었다. 이때 펀치속도에 따른 영향도 명확하게 나타나, 펀치속도가 낮을수록 수소취화를 나타내 낮은 에너지 값을 또한 시험 후 파면양상 관찰결과도 가압수소 시험조건에서는 시험편 표면조건의 영향은 볼 수 없었다.

The toughness data obtained from Charpy impact tests are presented by a temperature-energy relationship. Data fitting for quantitative evaluation of the transition temperature, upper shelf energy and ductile-brittle transition, in other words, representation with general mathematical model equation variation according to temperature is necessary. In this study, two representative steels were carried out as research work material property standardization technique development. procedure...

During glycerol metabolism, the initial step of oxidation is catalysed by dehydrogenase (GDH), which converts to dihydroxyacetone in a NAD+ -dependent manner via an ordered Bi-Bi kinetic mechanism. Structural studies conducted with GDH from various species have mainly elucidated structural details active site and ligand binding. However, structure full complex both cofactor substrate bound not determined, thus, basis mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report crystal structures Escherichia...

DNA polymerase plays a critical role in passing the genetic information of any living organism to its offspring. from enterobacteria phage RB69 (RB69pol) has both polymerization and exonuclease activities been extensively studied as model system for B-family polymerases. Many binary ternary complex structures RB69pol are known, they all contain single polymerase-primer/template (P/T) complex. Here, we report crystal structure exonuclease-deficient with P/T duplex dimeric form at resolution...

In the process of conservation treatment glass eyes stone standing Maitreya Daejosa temple, Buyeo (Treasure No. 217), a blackish material, expected to be adhesive for fixing eyes, was collected and analyzed. Infrared spectroscopy pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (pyrolysis/GC/MS) were employed identify organic material in sample. The IR analysis revealed presence materials such as apatite or bone black. pyrogram sample similar that Asian lacquer, among traditional adhesives....

The heavy snowfall event over the eastern part of Seoul, Korea on Mar. 04, 2008 has been abruptly occurred after frontal system with had past Korean peninsula 03, 2008. Therefore, this couldn't be predicted well by any means theoretical knowledges and models. After cold front passed by, air mass was flown immediately became clear expectedly except southwestern some large amount snowfall. Even though wide intense massive anticyclone expanded enhanced lowest tropospheric baroclinicity Yellow...

A microscopy investigation has been performed together with non-destructive component analysis to verify properties of pigments used in Unhangak Hall Dancheong Hwaryeongjeon Shrine, Suwon. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis, polarization microscopy, and scanning electron analyses were on the pigment specimens collected at site. Dividing interior into areas performing property confirmed that Jusa, Jangdan, Sukganju (iron oxide, red ocher) have for colors. Jahwang, Gold, Gamboge (organic...

Hydrogen penetration into a metal leads to damages and mechanical degradations its content measurement is of importance. For precise measurement, sample preparation procedure must be optimized through series studies on washing drying. In this study, two-step with organic solvents thermal soaking in inert gas were tried rod-shaped, API X65 steel sample. The samples machined from plate then washed acetone etyl-alcohol for 5 minute each dried compressed air. After then, the thermally soaked...

Sea ice is a good indicator to monitor the global climate change. Many of previous studies using satellite observations show steady decline in Arctic sea ice. The study investigates characteristics averaged surface roughness, and refractive index from March 2003 July 2011 AMSR-E daily data. roughness retrieved unique inversion algorithm based on polarized reflectivities, Hong approximation, incidence angles many current passive microwave sensors. downward trend opposite signature with an...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of the nuclear envelope and a connected peripheral network tubules interspersed sheets. structure ER is generated maintained by various proteins, including reticulons, DP1/Yop1p, atlastins, lunapark. Reticulons DP1/Yop1p stabilize high membrane curvature tubules, atlastins mediate homotypic fusion between tubules; however, exact role lunapark remains poorly characterized. Here, using isolated yeast microsomes reconstituted proteoliposomes, we directly...

This paper demonstrates the validation methods of AQUA AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) level 2 geophysical standard products over Korean peninsula and their experimental accuracies are analyzed. Validation is process estimating measurement retrieval uncertainties through comparison with a set correlative data known uncertainties. We validate atmospheric temperature profiles humidity by comparing routinely observed radiosonde data. Because radiosondes provide most readily available robust...