One thermophilic (strain IMO-1 T ) and two mesophilic (strains KIBI-1 YMTK-2 non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, multicellular filamentous micro-organisms, which were previously isolated as members of the tentatively named class ‘ Anaerolineae ’ phylum Chloroflexi , characterized. All isolates strictly anaerobic micro-organisms. The length three was greater than 100 μm width 0.3–0.4 for strain 0.4–0.5 thinner 0.2 . Strain could grow at pH 6.0–7.5 (optimum growth 7.0). optimal...

ABSTRACT 16S rRNA-targeted in situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to elucidate the spatial distribution of microbes within two types methanogenic granular sludge, mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (55°C), upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors fed sucrose-, acetate-, propionate-based artificial wastewater. The organization visualized thin sections granules by using fluorescent oligonucleotide probes specific several phylogenetic groups microbes. In...

Thermophilic (strain GOMI-1 T ) and mesophilic KOME-1 strains were isolated from two different cultures of propionate-degrading consortia obtained thermophilic digester sludge rice paddy soil, respectively. The non-spore-forming, non-motile Gram-negative. Both obligately anaerobic micro-organisms, showing multicellular filamentous morphotypes more than 100 μm in length. cell width for strain was 0.2–0.4 that 0.4–0.6 μm. Strain could grow at 45–65 °C with a pH range 6.0–7.5 (optimum growth 55...

The coexistence of uncultured heterotrophic bacteria belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi has often been observed in anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactors fed with synthetic nutrient medium without organic carbon compounds. To determine if coexisting anammox scavenge matter derived from bacterial cells, present study was conducted investigate substrate uptake pattern an reactor and clarify they take up microbial products cells. accomplish this, combined microautoradiography...

Candidate phylum Saccharibacteria (former TM7) are abundant and widespread in nature, but little is known about their ecophysiology detailed phylogeny. In this study phylogeny, morphology of were investigated activated sludge from nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) Japan Denmark using the full-cycle 16S rRNA approach combination with microautoradiography (MAR) fluorescence situ hybridization (FISH). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all WWTPs evenly distributed within subdivision 1 3 a...

The microbial diversity of two types methanogenic granular sludge, mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C), which had been treating sucrose/propionate/acetate-based artificial wastewater were compared. 16S rDNA clone libraries constructed by PCR with a prokaryote-specific primer set, partial sequencing the clonal rDNAs was conducted for phylogenetic analysis. Of 115 granule 110 clones sequenced, 19 22%, respectively, phylogenetically affiliated domain Archaea, remainder in each case...

ABSTRACT We previously reported that the thermophilic filamentous anaerobe Anaerolinea thermophila , which is first cultured representative of subphylum I bacterial phylum Chloroflexi not only was one predominant constituents sludge granules but also a causative agent bulking in (55°C) upflow anaerobic blanket (UASB) reactor high-strength organic wastewater treated (Y. Sekiguchi, H. Takahashi, Y. Kamagata, A. Ohashi, and Harada, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:5740-5749, 2001). To further...

The apoprotein of yeast cytochrome c1 is made outside the mitochondria as a larger precursor which then processed in at least two steps. In first step, it transported across both mitochondrial membranes and converted by matrix-localized protease to an intermediate form whose molecular weight between that mature form. bound outer face inner membrane. This step requires energized membrane, but no heme. second cytochrome. heme; blocked heme-deficient mutant or wild type cells treated with...

A novel mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic methanogen, strain SANAET, was isolated from an anaerobic, propionate-degrading enrichment culture, which originally established rice paddy soil. The cells were non-motile, Gram-negative and rod-shaped (1.8–2.4 μm long by 0.3–0.6 wide). Growth of SANAET observed at 25–40 °C, with optimum temperature range for growth 35–37 °C. pH 6.5–7.8, 7.0. salinity 0–1 g NaCl l−1 (0–17 mM). isolate able to utilize H2/CO2 formate methane production. G+C content the...

Phenol degradation under methanogenic conditions has long been studied, but the anaerobes responsible for reaction are still largely unknown. An anaerobe, designated strain UIT, was isolated in a pure syntrophic culture. This isolate is first tangible, obligately anaerobic, substrate-degrading organism capable of oxidizing phenol association with an H2-scavenging methanogen partner. Besides phenol, it could metabolize p-cresol, 4-hydroxybenzoate, isophthalate, and benzoate. During small...

A novel methane-producing archaeon, strain NOBI-1T was isolated from an anaerobic, propionate-degradation enrichment culture, which originally obtained a mesophilic methanogenic sludge digesting municipal sewage sludge. Cells were non-motile, rod-shaped, 0.7–1.0 μm by 2.0 μm, and formed multicellular filaments longer than 8 μm. Growth observed between 35 55 °C (optimum 50 °C) pH 6.7 8.0 7.0). The G+C content of the genomic DNA 56.3 mol%. utilized H2 formate for growth methane production....

A new anaerobic, thermophilic, syntrophic, fatty-acid-oxidizing bacterium designated strain TGB-C1T was isolated from granular sludge in a thermophilic upflow anaerobic blanket (UASB) reactor. The cells were slightly curved rods and weakly motile. Spore formation not observed. optimal temperature for growth around 55 degrees C occurred the range 45 to 60 C. pH 5.8-7.5, optimum 6.5-7.0. Crotonate only substrate that allowed grow pure culture. However, co-culture with hydrogenotrophic...

An anaerobic, thermophilic, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, strain SI(T), isolated previously from granular sludge in a thermophilic upflow anaerobic blanket (UASB) reactor, was characterized. The could grow fermentatively on pyruvate and fumarate pure culture. grew propionate, ethanol, lactate, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1,3-propanediol, 1-propanol ethylene glycol co-culture with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus deltaH(T). optimum temperature for...

Cytochrome b2 of yeast is located in the space between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes whereas cytochrome c1 bound to face membrane. Both proteins are made outside mitochondria as larger precursors that processed their mature forms two steps. In first step, at least a segment precursor polypeptide chain penetrates into matrix cleaved an intermediate form by matrix-localized soluble protease. This step requires electrochemical gradient across second converted form. For c1, this heme....

ABSTRACT The classical perception of members the gram-positive Desulfotomaculum cluster I as sulfate-reducing bacteria was recently challenged by isolation new representatives lacking ability for anaerobic sulfate respiration. For example, two described syntrophic propionate-oxidizing species genus Pelotomaculum form novel subcluster Ih. In present study, we applied a polyphasic approach using cultivation-independent and culturing techniques in order to further characterize occurrence,...

ABSTRACT The phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics (e.g., K s maximum specific growth rate [μ max ]) of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterium, “ Candidatus Scalindua sp.,” enriched from the marine sediment Hiroshima Bay, Japan, were investigated. sp.” exhibits higher affinity for nitrite a lower yield than known anammox species.

Abstract Landfill leachate is characterised by high chemical and biological oxygen demand generally consists of undesirable substances such as organic inorganic contaminants. may differ depending on the content age landfill contents, degradation procedure, climate hydrological conditions. We aimed to explain characteristics define practicality using different techniques for treating leachate. Different treatments comprising methods (e.g. bioreactors, bioremediation phytoremediation)...

Although the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has attracted attention regarding its application in ammonia wastewater treatment based on efficiency, physiological characteristics of anammox bacteria remain unclear because lack pure-culture representatives. The coexistence heterotrophic often been observed reactors, even those fed with synthetic inorganic nutrient medium. In this study, we recovered 37 draft genome bins from a long-term-operated column reactor and predicted...

ABSTRACT We previously showed that very thin filamentous bacteria affiliated with the division green non-sulfur were abundant in outermost layer of thermophilic methanogenic sludge granules fed sucrose and several low-molecular-weight fatty acids (Y. Sekiguchi, Y. Kamagata, K. Nakamura, A. Ohashi, H. Harada, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:1280–1288, 1999). Further 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cloning-based analysis revealed microbes classified within a unique clade, (GNSB) subdivision I, which...

In this study a novel methodology is proposed to estimate the adhesion strength of biofilm developed in an attached-growth reactor. The time variation was quantified course formation consisting denitrifiers. model formed on surfaces polyvinyl-chloride plates placed rectangular open-channel result indicates that not uniformly distributed throughout biofilm, but had tendency increase with depth and progression formation. For example 32nd day from start-up near substratum interface attained...