Strain measurement is important in mechanical testing. A wide variety of techniques exists for measuring strain the tensile test; namely gauge, extensometer, stress and determined by machine crosshead motion, Geometric Moire technique, optical others. Each technique has its own advantages disadvantages. The purpose this study to quantitatively compare techniques. To carry out test experiments S 235, sixty samples were cut from web I-profile longitudinal transverse directions four different...

This review sheds novel insights on the residual oxide behaviour of solid-state weld joints aluminium alloys. Understanding influence oxides surface before and during welding, its impact structure possible solutions for reducing were addressed. The techniques most relevant to transportation sector namely, diffusion bonding, friction stir spot welding ultrasonic surveyed, analysed reviewed. During this analysis, implication presence substrate affecting metallurgical characteristics was...

CHANGES in peripheral nerves occurring diabetes have been extensively studied during the past few years by refined electrophysiological and histological methods. The most common functional change is a slowing nerve conduction velocity¹which may be present without clinical signs of motor or even sensory involvement, therefore has proved to expression latent neuropathy.² It was later recognized that reduction velocity related segmental demyelination fibers, diabetic...

Accelerated desensitization of nicotinic receptor channels and its dependence on extracellular calcium in isolated skeletal muscles streptozotocin‐diabetic mice,

Today, the quality of welded seams is often examined off-line with either destructive or non-destructive testing. These test procedures are time-consuming and therefore costly. This especially true if welds not accurately due to process anomalies. In manual welding, experienced welders able detect anomalies by listening sound welding process. this paper, an approach transfer “hearing” welder into automated testing presented. An acoustic measuring device for recording audible installed...

The laser beam is a small, flexible and fast polishing tool. With radiation it possible to finish many outlines or geometries on quartz glass surfaces in the shortest time. It's fact that temperature developing while determines reachable surface smoothing and, as negative result, causes material tensions. To find out which parameters are important for process roughness respectively estimate tensions, simulations extensive experiments took place. During these starting machining were changed...

Multi material pairings like metal-plastic hybrid compounds are becoming increasingly important across all industrial sectors. However, the substitution of metals by plastics leads to a multitude challenges based on combination dissimilar materials. The variations in chemical and physical properties used materials require innovative joining processes. application reactive multilayers represents an advanced method for flexible low-distortion partners means short-term localized thermal energy....

The desire to generate a stress optimised structural node with maximum stability is often coupled the goal of low manufacturing costs and an adapted minimal use material. complex, three-dimensional free-form structures, which are created by means topology-optimisation, only partially suitable for conventional manufacturing. wire arc additive (WAAM), welding processes, offer cost-effective flexible possibility individual production metallic components. Gas metal (GMAW) particularly produce...

THE NEUROTOXIC effect of isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) has been studied experimentally for the first time by Zbinden and Studer.¹Rats proved to be very sensitive this drug regularly developed degeneration peripheral nerves. Electron microscopic observations Schlaepfer Hager²showed that early stages nerve were similar those observed in wallerian degeneration. In previous investigations human neuropathies, it was recognized changes motor end-plates...

The laser beam is a small, flexible and fast polishing tool. With radiation it possible to finish many outlines or geometries on quartz glass surfaces in the shortest time. It's fact that temperature developing while determines reachable surface smoothing and, as negative result, causes material tensions. To find out which parameters are important for process roughness respectively estimate tensions, simulations extensive experiments took place. During these starting machining were changed...

Abstract Es wird ein Einblick in die Vorgehensweise zur Fertigung von Knotenstrukturen im Stahlbau mittels Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) und der numerischen experimentellen Untersuchung gegeben. Ausgehend geometrischen Komplexität sich schneidender Profilstäbe aus Stahl werden wesentliche Punkte bei simulationsgestützten Ermittlung beschrieben. In Abhängigkeit den Lastfällen können unterschiedliche Strukturen Topologieoptimierung gefunden werden. Für Herstellung Knotenstruktur...

This research presents a hybrid approach to generate sample data for future machine learning applications the prediction of mechanical properties in directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc) using GMAW process. DED-Arc is an additive manufacturing process which offers cost-effective way 3D metal parts, due its high deposition rate up 8 kg/h. The additively manufactured wall structures made filler material G4Si1 (ER70 S-6) are shown dependency t8/5 cooling time. numerical simulation used link...

Aliphatic polyketone is a new-age eco-friendly, high-performance engineering thermoplastic. However, its potential for replacing other polymers depends on ability to be processed. Considering that the first aliphatic suitable processing was developed relatively recently (2015), material gained new research potential. In this paper screw extrusion-based process additive manufacturing of polyketone. A detailed characterisation and printed samples done. It shown extruder-base can produce stable...

Progressive developments in the field of lightweight construction and engineering demand continuous substitution metals with suitable polymers. However, combination dissimilar materials results a multitude challenges based on different chemical physical material properties. Reactive multilayer systems offer promising joining method for flexible low‐distortion partners an energy source introduced directly into zone. Within this publication, hybrid lap joints between semicrystalline polyamide...

During the layer-by-layer build-up in Direct Energy Deposition (DED) - Arc additive manufacturing (AM) process, distance between contact tube and workpiece, effectively welded layer, changes. Since weld paths are predefined by path planning software, a constant Contact Tube to Workpiece Distance (CTWD) bead height is assumed. However, even small changes geometry, such as crossovers of paths, result higher beads than Similarly, an incorrectly assumed input will change CTWD. The sum deviations...