Global agricultural emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) have increased by around 20% over last 100 y, but regulation these and their impact on bacterial cellular metabolism are poorly understood. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate in soils to inert di-nitrogen (N2) via N2O biochemistry this process has been studied extensively Paracoccus denitrificans. Here we demonstrate that expression gene encoding reductase (NosZ), which converts N2, is regulated response extracellular...

Ruegeria (previously Silicibacter) pomeroyi DSS-3, a marine roseobacter, can catabolize dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), compatible solute that is made in large amounts by plankton and algae. This strain was known to demethylate DMSP via demethylase, encoded the dmdA gene, it also cleave DMSP, releasing environmentally important volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS) process. We found this has two different genes, dddP dddQ, which encode enzymes generating DMS plus acrylate. DddP had earlier been...

Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate (NO(3) (-) ) to dinitrogen (N(2) gas through an anaerobic respiratory process in which the potent greenhouse nitrous oxide O) is a free intermediate. These can be grouped into classes that synthesize nitrite (NO(2) reductase (Nir) solely dependent on haem-iron as cofactor (e.g. Paracoccus denitrificans) or Nir copper (Cu) Achromobacter xylosoxidans). Regardless of form these groups synthesize, they are both Cu-containing (NosZ) for conversion N(2) O ....

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a disease of extremely high incidence in both community and nosocomial settings. UTIs cause significant morbidity mortality, with approximately 150 million cases globally per year. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) the primary UTI generally treated empirically. However, rapidly increasing caused by multidrug-resistant UPEC strains has led to limited available treatment options highlights urgent need develop alternative prevention strategies. In...

Streptococcus agalactiae can cause urinary tract infection (UTI) including cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). The early host-pathogen interactions that occur during S. UTI subsequent mechanisms of disease pathogenesis are poorly defined. Here, we define the between human bladder urothelial cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, mouse using uropathogenic (UPSA) 807 ABU-causing (ABSA) 834 strains. UPSA adhered, invaded killed cells more efficiently compared to ABSA via low-level...

The concept of parental alienation (PA) has expanded in popular usage at the same time that it remains mired controversy about its scientific integrity and use as a legal strategy response to an increasing range issues family court. In this paper we describe how competing advocacy movements (for mothers, fathers children) justice field have, over time, helped shape shifting definitions widening focal concerns PA‐ from children who make false allegations abuse, those resist or refuse contact...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by recessive mutations in the cystic transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene and associated with prevalent chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections. Despite numerous studies that have sought to elucidate role of CFTR innate immune response, links between CFTR, immunity, P. infection remain unclear. The present work highlights zebrafish as powerful model organism for human infectious disease, particularly aeruginosa. Zebrafish...

Nitrite, in equilibrium with free nitrous acid (FNA), can inhibit both aerobic and anaerobic growth of microbial communities through bactericidal activities that have considerable potential for control a range water systems. There has been much focus on the effect nitrite/FNA metabolism so, to enhance understanding metabolic impact metabolism, study was undertaken model denitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222. Extracellular nitrite inhibits P. pH-dependent manner is likely be...

The increasingly widespread use of parenting coordination to provide ongoing, intensive case management higher conflict child custody cases recognizes the many advantages this alternative dispute resolution (ADR) process in family courts. essential functions are create appropriate plans; build functional, enduring coparenting relationships; and resolve ongoing disputes. In article, an experienced multidisciplinary group from different jurisdictions across United States examines a few most...

Overcoming Barriers Family Camp is an innovative program designed to treat separating and divorced families where a child resisting contact or totally rejecting parent. Both parents, significant others, children participate in 5‐day family camp experience that combines psycho‐education clinical intervention safe, supportive milieu. This article describes the components of program, from referrals intake aftercare. Evaluation immediately following provided for camps ran 2008 2009, 6‐month...

The Escherichia coli YhdH polypeptide is in the MDR012 sub-group of medium chain reductase/dehydrogenases, but its biological function was unknown and no phenotypes YhdH(-) mutants had been described. We found that an E. strain with insertional mutation yhdH hyper-sensitive to inhibitory effects acrylate, and, a lesser extent, those 3-hydroxypropionate. Close homologues occur many Bacterial taxa at least two animals. acrylate sensitivity corrected by corresponding, cloned from several...

Summary Bacterial denitrification is a respiratory process that major source and sink of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Many denitrifying bacteria can adjust to life in both oxic anoxic environments through differential expression their respiromes response environmental signals such as oxygen, nitrate nitric We used steady‐state chemostat cultures demonstrate switch from aerobic anaerobic metabolism brought about by changes levels relatively few genes, but this sufficient...

Management of bladder cancer (BLCA) has not changed significantly in the past few decades, with platinum agent chemotherapy being used most cases. Chemotherapy reduces tumor recurrence after resection, but debilitating toxicities render a large percentage patients ineligible. Recently approved immunotherapy can improve outcomes only third metastatic BLCA patients. Therefore, more options for therapy are needed. In this study, we explored efficacy PARP inhibitors (PARPi) as single agents or...

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes various infections in adults, including urinary tract infection (UTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Some bacteria that cause ABU can utilize urine as a substrate for growth, which promote colonization the host. An analysis of diverse GBS isolates associated with UTI growth human has not been undertaken. Here, we examined large collection clinical from individuals acute ( n =62), ≥10 4 c.f.u. ml −1 =206) or <10 =90) their ability to grow urine....

Multidrug resistance has been reported in group B Streptococcus (GBS) from various origins, but rates among urinary tract infection (UTI) isolates are largely unknown. Erythromycin, a second-line antibiotic for GBS which high of have reported, was recently shown to support the Staphylococcu s oxidative stress. To survey multidrug-resistant (MDR) UTI and investigate effect erythromycin exposure on bacteria’s ability resist stress, we determined antibacterial activity 18 antibiotics against...

ABSTRACT Entry into mitosis is controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1 and can be delayed in response to DNA damage. In some systems, such G 2 /M arrest has been shown reflect stabilization of inhibitory phosphorylation sites on CDK1. human cells, full appears involve additional mechanisms. We describe here prolonged (>6 day) downregulation protein mRNA levels following damage cells. This silencing gene expression observed primary fibroblasts two cell lines with functional p53 but...

Cases entering the family court with an alienated child require intensive and coordinated case management to intervene effectively. It is critical link authority of delivery mental health services address complex systemic factors that may entrench a chil?s unwarranted rejection parent. This article provides principles legal psychological for families child, followed by various structural interventions, including sample orders, managing these cases as they progress through process. Finally,...

To observe real-time interactions between green fluorescent protein-labeled immune cells and invading bacteria in the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a series of plasmids was constructed for red protein (RFP) labeling variety fish human pathogens. The aim this study to create collection that would express RFP pigments both constitutively under tac promoter regulation be nontoxic broadly transmissible Gram-negative bacteria. DNA fragments encoding dimeric (d), monomeric (m), tandem (td) derivatives...

Background. CD14, a coreceptor for several pattern recognition receptors and widely used monocyte/macrophage marker, plays key role in host responses to gram-negative bacteria. Despite the central of CD14 inflammatory response lipopolysaccharide other microbial products dissemination bacteria some infections, signaling networks controlled by during urinary tract infection (UTI) are unknown.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common in humans. Despite the substantial healthcare cost represented these infections, human immune response associated with infection immediately following onset of symptoms patients remains largely undefined. We performed a prospective study aimed at defining milieu urinary cytokines adult inpatients 24–48 h period hospital admission for acute cystitis due to UPEC. Urine samples, analyzed using 27-target...