The simultaneous multiple surface (SMS) method in 3-D geometry is presented. Given two orthotomic input ray bundles and another output bundles, the provides an optical system with free-form surfaces that deflects rays of into corresponding vice versa. In nonimaging applications, enables controlling light emitted by extended source much better than single free-form-surface designs, also optics contour to be shaped without efficiency losses. expected find applications imaging optics.

In order to achieve competitive system costs in mass-production, it is essential that CPV concentrators incorporate sufficient manufacturing tolerances. This paper presents an advanced concentrator optic comprising a Fresnel lens and refractive secondary element, both with broken rotational symmetry, producing the desired light concentration high tolerance (high acceptance angle) as well excellent homogenization by Köhler integration. compares conventional Fresnel-based concentrators.

Abstract Freeform optics constitutes a new technology that is currently driving substantial changes in illumination design. It liberates designers and engineers from restrictions of optical surface geometry, enabling them to achieve compact, lightweight, efficient systems with excellent performance. used widely for both fundamental research practical applications. This Review focuses on the design freeform optics, which key factor advancing development engineering. The methods can be divided...

The Simultaneous Multiple Surface (SMS) method in planar geometry (2D) is applied to imaging designs, generating lenses that compare well with aplanatic designs.When the merit function utilizes image quality over entire field (not just paraxial), SMS strategy superior.In fact, traditional approach actually a particular case of strategy.

In this work, a new two-dimensional optics design method is proposed that enables the coupling of three ray sets with two lens surfaces. The especially important for optical systems designed wide field view and clearly separated Fermat's principle used to deduce set functional differential equations fully describing entire system. presented general analytic solution makes it possible calculate profiles. Ray tracing results calculated 15th order Taylor polynomials profiles demonstrate...

A new method of designing nonimaging concentrators is presented and two types are developed. The first an aspheric lens, the second a lens-mirror combination. ray tracing three-dimensional (with rotational symmetry) also done, showing that combination has total transmission as high full compound parabolic concentrators, while their depth much smaller than classical mirror–nonimaging concentrator combinations. Another important feature this optically active surfaces not in contact with...

We introduce a family of spherically symmetric gradient-index lenses forming perfect (sharp) image any point the space in three dimensions, including points homogeneous (constant refractive index) region. The only previously known example an optical instrument with such properties is plane mirror (or combinations thereof).

The Concentrated Photovoltaics (CPV) promise relies upon the use of high-efficiency triple-junction solar cells (with proven efficiencies over 44%) and high-performance optics that allow for high concentration concurrent with relaxed manufacturing tolerances (all key elements low-cost mass production).Additionally, uniform illumination is highly desirable efficiency reliability reasons.All these features have to be achieved inexpensive containing only a few (in general no more than 2)...

The design procedure of a new nonimaging concentrator (called an RXI) is explained. Rays that impinge on the aperture, within acceptance angle, are directed to receiver by means one refraction, reflection, and total internal reflection. can be made as single dielectric piece (in which immersed) whose aspect ratio (thickness/aperture diameter) close 1/3. Ray-tracing analysis rotational symmetric RXI shows transmissions greater than 94.5% (no absorption or reflection losses considered) when...

By having a single optical element combine the light of several high luminance LEDs, source can be formed, with shape and emission characteristics adaptable to nearly all illumination problems. The illuminance distribution this virtual facilitates generation desired intensity pattern via its imaging-stye projection into far field. This is achieved by one refractive reflective freeform surface, both calculated simultaneously 3D SMS method, which herein demonstrated for an LED automotive headlamp.

The two-dimensional analytic optics design method presented in a previous paper [Opt.Express 20, 5576-5585 (2012)] is extended this work to the three-dimensional case, enabling coupling of three ray sets with two free-form lens surfaces.Fermat's principle used deduce additional functional differential equations which make it possible calculate surfaces.Ray tracing simulations demonstrate excellent imaging performance resulting lenses described by more than 100 coefficients.

The field of concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) has met some remarkable advances in recent years. continuous increase conversion efficiency multijunction solar cells and new advancements optics have led to demands opportunities for optical design CPV. This paper is a mini-review on current requirements CPV design, it presents the main trends years systems architecture.

In this work, we present a multifield direct design method for ultrashort throw ratio projection optics. The allows us to directly calculate two freeform mirror profiles, which are fitted by odd polynomials and imported into an optical program as excellent starting point. Afterward, these mirrors represented XY polynomial surfaces further optimization. final configuration consists of off-the-shelf lens greatly shorten the regular distance from 2 m 48 cm 78.3 inch diagonal screen. values...

The Simultaneous Multiple Surfaces design method (SMS), proprietary technology of Light Prescription Innovators (LPI), was developed in the early 1990's as a two dimensional method. first embodiments had either linear or rotational symmetry and found applications photovoltaic concentrators, illumination optics optical communications. SMS designed devices perform close to thermodynamic limit are compact simple; features that especially beneficial with today's high brightness LEDs. extended 3D...

The Monge-Ampère (MA) equation arising in illumination design is highly nonlinear so that the convergence of MA method strongly determined by initial design. We address this paper with L(2)-Kantorovich (LMK) theory. An efficient approach proposed to find optimal mapping LMK problem. characteristics new are introduced and limitations theory presented. Three examples, including beam shaping collimated point light source, given illustrate potential benefits results show converges more stably...

Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) systems might produce quite uneven irradiance distributions (both on their level and spectral distribution) the solar cell. This effect can be even more evident when CPV system is slightly off-axis, since they are often designed to assure good uniformity only at normal incidence. The non-uniformities both in absolute content produced by systems, originate electrical losses multi-junction cells (MJSC). works focused integration of ray-tracing methods for...

It was previously demonstrated in [Opt. Lett.38, 229 (2013)] that the problem of freeform surface illumination design can be converted into a nonlinear boundary for elliptic Monge-Ampére equation based on ideal source assumption. But how method is affected by characteristics light and target not discussed there. This Letter systematically analyzes influence discontinuity, nonconvexity, connectivity presents some intrinsic features this method. These are applied practical examples optics design.

Wavefront estimation from the slope-based sensing metrologies zis important in modern optical testing. A numerical orthogonal transformation method is proposed for deriving gradient polynomials as basis functions directly fitting measured slope data and then converting to wavefront a straightforward way modal approach. The presented can be employed its slopes over general shaped aperture. Moreover, could applied measurements dynamic varying performance of discussed, demonstrated verified by...

Multi-chip and large size LEDs dominate the lighting market in developed countries these days. Nevertheless, a general optical design method to create prescribed intensity patterns for this type of extended sources does not exist. We present strategy which source target pattern are described by means "edge wavefronts" system. The goal is then finding an optic coupling wavefronts, current work monolithic part comprising up three freeform surfaces calculated with simultaneous multiple surface...

We present here aplanatic systems in 3D geometry as a limiting case of SMS design. extend the basic formulations governing rotationally symmetric to freeform and provide formal proof that design 3 coincident points leads system.

A detailed description of the design procedure for a new concentrator, RX, and some examples it's use are given. The method is basically same as that used in two other concentrators: RR XR [Appl. Opt. 31, 3051 (1992)]. RX ideal two-dimensional geometry. performance rotational good when average angular spread input bundle small: up to 95% power can be transferred output (with assumption constant radiance rays bundle).

A new free-form XR Kohler concentrator is presented that combines high geometric concentration, acceptance angle and irradiance uniformity on the solar cell. This achieved by modifying optical surfaces to produce integration. Although (that is, ones including integration) behave optically quite different from do not integrate, but macroscopic point of view they are very similar them. means can be manufactured with same techniques (typically plastic injection molding or glass molding) their...