While entrepreneurship research theorizing about the team formation in start-up ventures exists, such studies mostly focus on different outcomes of formation, for example number employees. Questions how processes unfold and factors, as labor-market institutions, influencing their evolvement remain unanswered. To address this gap, we analyze venture creation 344 Germany USA, offering particularly typical examples countries with regulated deregulated institutions respectively. Based optimal...

An optimal power flow algorithm for unbalanced three-phase distribution grids is presented in this paper as a new tool grid planning on low voltage level. As additional equipment like electric vehicles, heat pumps or solar systems can sometimes cause flows, existing algorithms have to be adapted. In comparison considering balanced the uses complete model of four-wire grid. Additionally, constraint unbalance introduced. The used optimize operation energy storage systems. model, constraints,...

The increasing number of electric vehicles poses new challenges to the power grid. Their charging process stresses system, as additional energy has be supplied, especially during peak load periods. This can result in critical network situations depending on various parameters. These impacts may vary based market penetration, demand, plug-in time, rate, and grid topology associated operational equipment. Hence, impact (EVs) was analysed for twelve typical German low voltage grids by applying...

Abstract External linkages allow nascent ventures to access crucial resources during the process of new product development. Forming external can substantially contribute a venture’s performance. However, little is known about paths linkage formation, as well circumstances that drive choice pursue one rather than another path. This gap deserves further investigation, because we do not know whether insights developed for incumbent firms also apply ventures: To address this gap, explore novel...

The integration of multiple energy sectors, such as electricity, heating, and mobility, into an overall smart system is a key part the journey towards fossil-free system. Exploiting operational flexibility these sectors will lead to efficient operation integrated use heat pumps for heating supply based on renewable resources reasonable in many cases. Combining with thermal storages, systems can offer fluctuating power generation. Flexibility be defined capability adapt initial schedule order...

Answering the call for more process-oriented research into inception and development of companies, this paper analyses funding acquisition process nascent ventures. Based on optimal matching techniques combined with multinomial logistic regression, we identify how most typical processes ventures evolve in which circumstances pursue respective processes. First, line pecking-order theory (POT), find a standard pattern founder self-funding. Second, theorize under initial conditions, how,...

Electric vehicle charging stresses distribution grids significantly. This will lead to grid reinforcement works in several grids. Battery storage is a possibility bypass times of due electric charging. In this paper, we dimension such battery for demonstration project using an optimal power flow algorithm and realistic profiles load consumption. The determines the necessary rated energy ensures compliance with given limits.

In this contribution, measurement data of phase, neutral, and ground currents from real low voltage (LV) feeders in Germany is presented analyzed. The obtained used to review evaluate common modeling approaches for LV systems. An alternative approach detailed cable modeling, which allows the consideration typical German earthing conditions asymmetrical design, proposed. Further, analytical calculation methods model parameters are described compared laboratory results cables. models then...

This paper integrates the largely separate literatures of financial bootstrapping and pecking-order theory (POT) in order to explore how funding acquisition processes evolve at firm level. Based on novel optimal matching techniques combined with binary logistic regressions, we identify most typical nascent ventures specific circumstances. In accordance theory, majority rely bootstrapped finance. Importantly, are additionally able theorize – line pecking under which circumstances minority...

This paper presents methods to implement primary and secondary control in modular multilevel converter (MMC) based hybrid acdc transmission systems. Based on an advanced MMC model its associated loops, novel adjust the active power operating point of MMC-HVDC systems real-time operation during grid contingencies are developed. In addition, use cases for utilization complete ac frequency recovering procedures several areas after imbalances. Proposed concepts analyzed regarding operational...

This paper investigates methodologies for the utilization of modular multilevel HVDC transmission (MMC-HVDC) primary frequency control. In contrast to conventionally used average voltage source converter (VSC) models support system studies, advanced MMC provide a different dynamic behaviour due their decoupled ac and dc current Following underlying grid models, four methods by MMCs are presented in this paper. The individual control designs differ required input signals, controller...

An optimal power flow algorithm for unbalanced three-phase distribution grids is presented in this paper as a new tool grid planning on low voltage level. As additional equipment like electric vehicles, heat pumps or solar systems cause flows, existing algorithms have to be adapted. The focus the simulation of energy storage systems. used model, constraints, objective function and solver are explained detail. A validation using commercial done. Additionally, two exemplary optimizations...

In this contribution a time constrained mixed-integer nonlinear optimization is presented aiming at optimal operation of coupled power and gas distribution grids. Optimal scheduling Power-to-Gas Combined Heat Power Systems enables flexible the resulting multi-carrier energy system. Linear constraints consider static models conversion technologies. The grid system are included as constraints. case study framework applied to small test based on real data.

Electric vehicle charging stresses distribution grids significantly with high penetrations of electric vehicles. This will lead to grid reinforcement works in several grids. Battery storage is a possible solution bypass times due charging. In this paper, different operation strategies for such battery are tested at first simulations. The main difference between the necessary input data. Following simulations, selected reality project ”Netzlabor E-Mobility-Allee”. It proved that functioning...

The progressive expansion of renewable energies, especially wind power plants being promoted in Germany as part the energy transition, places new demands on transmission grid. As an alternative to grid expansion, sector coupling gas and electricity through Power-to-Gas (PtG) technology is seen a great opportunity make more flexible reliable future well use already existing infrastructure. In this paper, PtG are dimensioned placed model German Time series based load flow calculations...

For temporary overloadings in power grids, battery storage systems can be an alternative to grid expansion. In the research project "Hybrid-Optimal", this concept was tested a low voltage Germany. A hybrid system operated prevent overvoltages area with significant decentral PV generation. paper, algorithm and software environment are presented explained. Additionally, measurement data of test period is analysed evaluated. The able fulfil its task general during period. On several days,...

Zusammenfassung Der Artikel analysiert am Beispiel des amerikanischen Motivationspsychologen David C. McClelland, wie Psychologen in den langen 1960er Jahren über die Verbreitung ihres Wissens als großzügige Wissensspender mit gesellschaftspolitischer Agenda auftraten, ohne dabei das Feld der institutionalisierten Politik betreten zu müssen. Untersucht wird eine vermeintlich passive Form von Aktivismus jenseits Lobby- und Beratertätigkeit, sich „Umweg“ ersparen hoffte, indem sie Bürger zur...