A5050491976- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Laser Design and Applications
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Organic Chemistry Cycloaddition Reactions
- Ocular and Laser Science Research
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
- Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
- Oral and gingival health research
Southampton General Hospital
2023
University of Southampton
2020-2023
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
2023
NIHR CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre
2023
University of Rochester
2014-2021
Energetics (United States)
2018-2021
Trinity College Dublin
2021
University College Dublin
2021
St Thomas' Hospital
2021
Cancer Research UK
2020
The cough reflex in anaesthetized rabbits was elicited by irritation of the larynx with ammonia, inhalation ammonia into lungs, and mechanical stimulation tracheobronchial tree a catheter. After block lung stretch receptors sulphur dioxide virtual abolition Breuer-Hering inflation reflex, response to all three stimuli far less frequent and, when it occurred, weaker especially respect expiratory efforts. It is concluded that enhances although modification sensitivity irritant may also influence cough.
We propose a new laser amplifier scheme utilizing stimulated Raman scattering in plasma conjunction with ``flying focus''---a chromatic focusing system combined chirped pump beam that provides spatiotemporal control over the pump's focal spot. Pump intensity isosurfaces are made to propagate at $v=\ensuremath{-}c$ so as be sync injected counterpropagating seed pulse. By setting interaction region just above ionization threshold of background gas, an wave is produced travels fixed distance...
A high-intensity laser pulse propagating through a medium triggers an ionization front that can accelerate and frequency-upshift the photons of second pulse. The maximum upshift is ultimately limited by accelerated outpacing or ionizing refracting from plasma. Here we apply flying focus--a moving focal point resulting chirped focused chromatic lens--to overcome these limitations. Theory simulations demonstrate produced focus ultrashort optical to extreme ultraviolet over centimeter...
Abstract Experimental measurements using the OMEGA EP laser facility demonstrated direct acceleration (DLA) of electron beams to (505 ± 75) MeV with (140 30) nC charge from a low-density plasma target 400 J, picosecond duration pulse. Similar trends energy density are also observed in self-consistent two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The intensity pulse is sufficiently large that electrons rapidly expelled along propagation axis form channel. dominant mechanism confirmed be DLA...
MEDICAL JOURNALexposures-available evidence does not suggest that these factors can account for a large part of the difference.Factors related to climate and incidence rates bronchitis cannot be ruled out consideration.There is too little at present draw any conclusions con- cerning this point.It within realm possibility difference due under-reporting lung cancer as cause death in United States or over-reporting England Wales, both.Clearly, data available are insufficient definite drawn on...
1. 100 ms pulses of inflation and deflation were applied to the lungs anaesthetized rabbits before during inactivation pulmonary stretch receptors. 2. Pulses either sign given in inspiration often produced augmented breaths, whether or not receptors inactivated. Inflation more effective than pulses. 3. After an breath it was impossible produce another for at least 1 min (refractoriness). 4. always shortened expiration. early expiration Later they lengthened when active blocked. No...
An advanced focusing scheme, called a “flying focus,” uses chromatic system combined with broadband laser pulse its colors arranged in time to propagate high intensity focus over distance that can be much greater than Rayleigh length while decoupling the speed at which peak propagates from group velocity. The flying generates short effective duration small diameter focal spot co- or counter-propagates along optical axis any Experiments validating concept measured subluminal (−0.09c)...
The Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer (GEMS) will realize its scientific objectives through high sensitivity linear X-ray polarization measurements in the 2-10 keV band. GEMS polarimeters, based on photoelectric effect, provide a strong response with quantum efficiency over broad band-pass by novel implementation of time projection chamber (TPC). This paper discuss basic principles TPC polarimeter describe details mechanical electrical design flight polarimeter. We present...
Plasma amplifiers offer a route to side-step limitations on chirped pulse amplification and generate laser pulses at the power frontier. They compress long by transferring energy shorter via Raman or Brillouin instabilities. We present an extensive kinetic numerical study of three-dimensional parameter space for case. Further particle-in-cell simulations find optimal seed parameters experimentally relevant constraints. The high-efficiency self-similar behavior is observed only seeds than...
Combining a chirped laser pulse with chromatic lens yields flying focus—a focus that moves dynamically in time. This provides control over the propagation of peak intensity within an extended focal region can be many times larger than system's Rayleigh length. Any velocity is achievable, including backward relative to direction. Previous simulation results have shown beam create counter-propagating ionization wave and subsequently pump frequency-downshifted via stimulated Raman scattering...
1. We have investigated whether pulmonary stretch receptors are the only lung determining time of onset inspiratory efforts in anaesthetized, paralysed rabbits. 2. New Zealand White rabbits were and ventilated by intermittent positive pressure with a pattern that closely followed spontaneous breathing. Inspiratory recorded as bursts activity root phrenic nerve. Lung blocked SO2 air. Abolition Breuer‐Hering reflex was used an index receptor block. 3. With functioning discharge invariably...
The rapid evolutions of the electron density and temperature in a laser-produced plasma were measured using collective Thomson scattering. Unprecedented picosecond time resolution, enabled by pulse-front-tilt compensated spectrometer, revealed transition plasma-wave dynamics from an initially cold, collisional state to quasistationary, collisionless state. Thomson-scattering spectra compared with theoretical calculations fluctuation spectrum either conventional Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK)...
Density functional theory (DFT by B3LYP) and ab initio (MP2) calculations are reported for complexes of the trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, trimethylethylammonium, choline acetylcholine cations with hydroxide, fluoride chloride anions. Stable structures predicted in which anion is bonded to three hydrogen atoms directed away from cationic head on each methyl groups these quaternary nitrogen compounds. These described as reverse compared normal between F− Cl− N–H group first or...
In an acute study, 45 min following topical application of 9.2 mg nitroglycerin (GTN) cream, exercise time increased by 100s (P < 0.005) and this increase persisted for 270 min.Systolic blood pressure showed a progressive fall. 2 the second study 1 h GTN significant reduction in left ventricular diastolic dimension was seen. 3In subsequent chronic randomised double blind 47 s 0.05) at 6 h, 3 weeks continual use. 4 An dose further produced no time; however, decrease end seen.5 No evidence...
It has been suggested that species with high breathing frequencies have pulmonary stretch receptors which adapt more rapidly than low frequencies. This proved not to be so. Our hypothesis is this theory in fact correct if modified so overall rate of adaptation afferent vagal activity, i.e. the sum and adapting receptors, considered. A species, such as rat, would thus a greater proportion slowly species. To test hypothesis, we measured mechanoreceptors spontaneously rats for comparison...