In recent years, biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass to produce multi-products such as ethanol and other biomaterials has become a dynamic research area. Pretreatment technologies that fractionate sugarcane bagasse are essential for the successful use this feedstock in production. paper, we investigate modifications morphology chemical composition submitted two-step treatment, using diluted acid followed by delignification process with increasing sodium hydroxide concentrations. Detailed...

Abstract Exploitation of plant lignocellulosic biomass is hampered by our ignorance the molecular basis for its properties such as strength and digestibility. Xylan, most prevalent non-cellulosic polysaccharide, binds to cellulose microfibrils. The nature this interaction remains unclear, despite importance. Here we show that majority xylan, which forms a threefold helical screw in solution, flattens into twofold ribbon bind intimately microfibrils cell wall. 13 C solid-state magic-angle...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCenterband-Only Detection of Exchange: Efficient Analysis Dynamics in Solids by NMRE. R. deAzevedo, W.-G. Hu, T. J. Bonagamba, and K. Schmidt-RohrView Author Information Department Polymer Science & Engineering University Massachusetts Amherst, 01003 Instituto de Física São Carlos Universidade Paulo, Brazil Cite this: Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 36, 8411–8412Publication Date (Web):August 31, 1999Publication History Received15 June 1999Revised5...

Nonclassical correlations play a crucial role in the development of quantum information science. The recent discovery that nonclassical can be present even separable (nonentangled) states has broadened this scenario. This generalized correlation been increasing relevance several fields, among them communication, computation, phase transitions, and biological systems. We demonstrate here occurrence sudden-change phenomenon immunity against some sources noise for discord its classical...

Abstract Background In recent years, the growing demand for biofuels has encouraged search different sources of underutilized lignocellulosic feedstocks that are available in sufficient abundance to be used sustainable biofuel production. Much attention been focused on biomass from grass. However, large amounts timber residues such as eucalyptus bark and represent a potential source conversion bioethanol. present paper, we investigate effects delignification process with increasing sodium...

The search for promising and renewable sources of carbohydrates the production biofuels other biorenewables has been stimulated by an increase in global energy demand face growing concern over greenhouse gas emissions fuel security. In particular, interest focused on non-food lignocellulosic biomass as a potential source abundant sustainable feedstock biorefineries. Here we investigate three Brazilian grasses (Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum Brachiaria brizantha), well bark residues...

The ability to live in coherent superpositions is a signature trait of quantum systems and constitutes an irreplaceable resource for quantum-enhanced technologies. However, decoherence effects usually destroy superpositions. It was recently predicted that, composite system exposed dephasing noise, coherence transversal reference basis can stay protected indefinite time. This occur class states independently the measure used quantify coherence, it requires no control on during dynamics. Here,...

The crystallinity index (CI) is often associated with changes in cellulose structure after biological and physicochemical pretreatments. While some results obtained lignocellulosic biomass demonstrate a progressive increase the CI as function of pretreatments, it also shown that can significantly vary depending on choice measurement method. Besides, influence recalcitrance has been controversial for long time, but most recent tend to point out efficiency pretreatments reducing not clearly...

The determination of the soil pore size distribution, water retention curve, and derived parameters that control important processes in soils, such as supply for plants; infiltration; solute movement soils; erosion; plant nutrients contaminants transport, etc, are challenging available methods expensive, time-consuming prone to bias errors. use 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry characterise porosity hydraulic properties through spin-lattice spin-spin results an ill-posed...

Theoretical principles and experimental details of the centerband-only detection exchange (CODEX) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment for characterizing slow segmental dynamics in solids are described. The experiment, which is performed under magic-angle spinning, employs recoupling chemical-shift anisotropy before after a long mixing time during molecular reorientations may occur. By an analysis terms difference tensor chemical shifts time, dependence on reorientation angle obtained...

In this report, the application of a class separated local field NMR experiments named dipolar chemical shift correlation (DIPSHIFT) for probing motions in intermediate regime is discussed. Simple analytical procedures based on Anderson-Weiss (AW) approximation are presented. order to establish limits validity AW formulas, comparison with spin dynamics simulations solution stochastic Liouville-von-Neumann equation It shown that at short evolution times (less than 30% rotor period), formulas...

The quantification of quantum correlations (other than entanglement) usually entails labored numerical optimization procedures also demanding state tomographic methods. Thus it is interesting to have a laboratory friendly witness for the nature correlations. In this Letter we report direct experimental implementation such in room temperature nuclear magnetic resonance system. our experiment revealed by performing only few local magnetization measurements. We compared results with those...

Correlations in quantum systems exhibit a rich phenomenology under the effect of various sources noise. We investigate theoretically and experimentally dynamics correlations their classical counterparts two nuclear magnetic resonance setups, as measured by geometric quantifiers based on trace norm. consider two-qubit prepared Bell diagonal states, perform experiments real decohering environments resulting from Markovian local noise which preserves form states. then report first observation...

We report the experimental measurement of bipartite quantum correlations an unknown two-qubit state. Using a liquid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance setup and employing geometric discord, we evaluate without resorting to prior knowledge its density matrix. The method is applicable any 2 ⊗ d system provides, in terms number measurements required, advantage over full tomography scaling with dimension unmeasured subsystem. negativity quantumness measured as well for reference. also observe...

Lignocellulose is one of the most abundant forms fixed carbon in biosphere. Current industrial approaches to degradation lignocellulose employ enzyme mixtures, usually from a single fungal species, which are only effective hydrolyzing polysaccharides following biomass pre-treatments. While enzymatic mechanisms have been characterized detail individual microbial communities that efficiently breakdown plant materials nature species rich and secrete myriad enzymes perform "community-level"...

The compositions of humic acids (HAs) isolated from cultivated and forested "Terra Preta de Indio" or Amazonian Dark Earth soils (anthropogenic soils) were compared with those adjacent non-anthropogenic (control using elemental thermogravimetric analyses, a variety solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. index, which indicates the molecular thermal resistance, was greater for anthropogenic than control suggesting polycyclic aromatic components in former. more enriched C depleted H...

Abstract We report solid‐state NMR investigations of the effect temperature and hydration on molecular mobility collagen isolated from bovine achilles tendon. 13 C cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (MAS) experiments were performed samples at natural abundance, using methods that detect motionally averaged dipolar interactions chemical shift anisotropies also slow reorientational processes. Fast motions with correlation times much shorter than 40 µs scale couplings carbon sites in...

The existence of quantum correlation (as revealed by discord), other than entanglement and its role in quantum-information processing (QIP), is a current subject for discussion. In particular, it has been suggested that this nonclassical may provide computational speedup some algorithms. regard, bulk nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) successfully used as test bench many QIP implementations, although also continuously criticized not presenting most the systems so far. paper, we report...

Since the dawn of quantum theory, coherence was attributed as a key to understand weirdness fundamental concepts like wave-particle duality and Stern-Gerlach experiment. Recently, based on resource theory approach, notion revisited plethora quantifiers were proposed. In this work, we address issue using language orders, developed by NMR community. This allowed us investigate role played different subspaces Hilbert-Schmidt space into physical processes protocols. We found some links between...

We present a site-resolved study of slow (ms to s) motions in protein the solid (microcrystalline) state performed with use modified version centerband-only detection exchange (CODEX) NMR experiment. CODEX was originally based on measuring changes molecular orientation by means chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor, and our modification, angular reorientations internuclear vectors are observed. The experiment applied 15N−1H SH3 domain chicken α-spectrin. perdeuterated partial back-exchange...

Abstract Quantum algorithms are known for providing more efficient solutions to certain computational tasks than any corresponding classical algorithm. Here we show that a single qudit is sufficient implement an oracle based quantum algorithm, which can solve black-box problem faster For 2 d permutation functions defined on set of elements, deciding whether given even or odd, requires evaluation the function at least two elements. We demonstrate circuit with determine parity only one...