A5062763690- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies
- Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
- Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Cancer and biochemical research
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
University of Southern Queensland
2010-2025
University of New England
2000-2012
The University of Adelaide
2002
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome including central obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is increasing. Development adequate therapy for requires an animal model that mimics the human disease state. Therefore, we have characterized metabolic, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, pancreatic changes in male Wistar rats (8-9 weeks old) fed on a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet condensed milk (39.5%), beef tallow (20%), fructose (17.5%) together...
Obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and fatty liver, together termed metabolic syndrome, are key risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Chronic feeding of a diet high in saturated fats simple sugars, such as fructose glucose, induces these changes rats. Naturally occurring compounds could be cost-effective intervention to reverse changes. Flavonoids ubiquitous secondary plant metabolites; naringin gives the bitter taste grapefruit. This study has evaluated effect on diet-induced...
Gender contributes to differences in incidence and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated cardiovascular disease. To induce damage male female Wistar rats (n = 12/group), a 0.25% adenine diet for 16 wk was used. Kidney function (blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, proteinuria) structure (glomerular damage, tubulointerstitial atrophy, fibrosis, inflammation); pressure, ventricular stiffness, vascular responses, echocardiography) (cardiac fibrosis); testosterone estrogen...
Cortisol is secreted by the central hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and affects many target organs tissues, particularly in response to stressor demands infection. Recent data reporting cortisol synthesis hair follicles have shown existence of a parallel “peripheral” HPA-axis. However, although there evidence from vitro studies single-observation comparisons between groups that reflects endocrine changes associated with demands, are no reports date repeated measurements vivo responsivity...
The signs of metabolic syndrome following chronic excessive macronutrient intake include body weight gain, excess visceral adipose deposition, hyperglycaemia, glucose and insulin intolerances, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, endothelial damage, cardiovascular hypertrophy, inflammation, ventricular contractile dysfunction, fibrosis, fatty liver disease. Recent studies show increased activity soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) during obesity dysfunction. We have tested whether sEH inhibition has...
In the present study, our aim was to determine whether intrafetal glucose infusion increases fetal adiposity, synthesis and secretion of leptin regulates gene expression ‘appetite regulatory’ neuropeptides neuropepetide Y (NPY), agouti‐related peptide (AGRP), pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) cocaine‐ amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) receptors (leptin receptor (OB‐Rb) melancortin 3 (MC3R)) within hypothalamus. Glucose (50% dextrose in saline) or saline infused (7.5 ml h −1 ) into sheep...
This study aimed to determine for the first time whether leptin can act alter structural and functional characteristics of adipose tissue before birth. Leptin (0.48 mg/kg/day) or saline was infused intravenously into fetal sheep 4 days from either 136 137 gestation (term=147+/-3 days). Circulating concentrations were increased approximately four- fivefold by infusion. infusion resulted in a significant increase proportion smaller lipid locules present within perirenal (PAT), this associated...
Leptin, a recently discovered hormone secreted mainly from adipose tissue, was first described as regulator of adiposity, food intake and energy metabolism. It is now apparent that leptin physiology much more complex likely to play an important role in many other systems including reproduction, haematopoiesis immunity. Leptin levels have been shown be well correlated with body fat both humans rodents, administration exogenous rats mice resulting loss fat. is, therefore, humoral signal the...
In adults, circulating leptin concentrations are dependent on body fat content and current nutritional status. However, the relationships among maternal nutrient intake, fetal adiposity, before birth unknown. We investigated effects of an increase in intake pregnant ewe adiposity plasma during late gestation. Between 115 139–141 days gestation (term = 147 ± 3 gestation), ewes were fed a diet calculated to provide either maintenance (control, n 6) or ∼155% requirements (well-fed, 8). The...
l-Arginine is an important dietary amino acid in both health and disease, especially of the cardiovascular system. This study has determined whether supplementation with l-arginine attenuates cardiovascular, metabolic, pancreatic liver changes a rat model human metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (8-9 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Two groups fed corn starch-rich diet (C) whereas other two given high carbohydrate, fat (H) 25% fructose drinking water, for 16 weeks. One group each...
We have investigated the effects of maternal undernutrition during late gestation on and fetal plasma concentrations leptin gene expression in perirenal adipose tissue. Pregnant ewes were randomly assigned at 115 days (term = 147 ± 3 [mean SEM]) to either a control group (n 13) or an undernourished 16) that received ∼50% diet until 144–147 gestation. Maternal glucose, but not leptin, lower ewes. A significant correlation was found, however, between mean (y) glucose (x) (y 2.9x − 2.4; r 0.51,...
It has been proposed that maternal nutrient restriction may alter the functional development of adipocyte and synthesis secretion adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, before birth. We have investigated effects restricted periconceptional undernutrition and/or gestational nutrition on fetal plasma leptin concentrations adiposity in late gestation. There was no effect either or singleton twin pregnancies during In ewes carrying twins, but not singletons, gestation were directly related to change...
We have investigated the factors regulating leptin synthesis, fat deposition, and circulating concentrations in fetuses of well nourished ewes late pregnancy. Vascular catheters were surgically inserted 17 pregnant their at 103–120 d gestation (term = 147 ± 3 d). Ewes fed a diet providing either 100% (control; n 9) or approximately 155% (well fed; 8) maintenance energy requirements fetal perirenal interscapular depots collected 139–141 gestation. There was significant relationship between...
We investigated whether leptin can suppress the prepartum activation of fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and delay timing parturition in sheep. First, we effects a 4-day intravascular infusion recombinant ovine (n = 7) or saline 6) on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) cortisol concentrations, starting from 136 days gestation (i.e., at onset HPA axis. The continuous intrafetal 5) 144 ACTH concentrations delivery were also determined separate study. There was an increase...
Although in vitro studies have shown that cortisol concentrations human and animal hair respond to environmental stressors, few data been reported regarding the vivo variability of brief pain stressors. As an extension a previous study, was collected assayed for from each three sites (elbow, mid-forearm, wrist) before after participants immersed their hand ice water 1 min. Results showed “localization” boundary responses previously able be reduced only 250 mm between sites. Furthermore, all...
Cortisol concentrations in hair collected from young male and female adults were assayed compared for differences along shaft length between body sites. No significant found sites, supporting a model of the as "alive" responsive to environmental demand terms cortisol production. Hair taken forearms had significantly higher than lower legs, suggesting localized response verifying previous findings. Issues link central peripheral HPA axes are raised discussion further investigation.