Electronic skin can detect minute electrical potential changes in the human and represent body's state, which is critical for medical diagnostics human-computer interface development. On other hand, sweat has a significant effect on signal stability, comfort, safety of electronic real-world application. In this study, by modifying cation anion poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) employing spinning process, PIL-based multilayer nanofiber membrane (PIL membrane) with dual gradient created. The PIL...

Most gels and elastomers introduce sacrificial bonds in the covalent network to dissipate energy. However, long-term cyclic loading caused irreversible fatigue damage crack propagation cannot be prevented. Furthermore, because of crosslinked networks, it is a huge challenge implement reversible mechanical interlocking reorganize polymer segments realize recycling reuse ionogels. Here, crosslinking host materials replaced with entanglement. The entangled microdomains are used as physical...

Abstract In this study, we developed a superstrong and reversible adhesive, which can possess high bonding strength in the “adhesive” state detach with application of heating. An ionic crystal (IC) gel, an IC was immobilized within soft‐polymer matrix, were synthesized via situ photo‐crosslinking precursor solution composed N, N‐dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA) melted IC. The obtained gel is homogenous transparent at melt point. When cooled to phase transition temperature IC, turns into adhesive...

The mechanical properties of most hydrogels (ionogels) are considerably affected by covalently cross-linked networks. However, the interactions between solvent/solvent molecules and solvent/polymer chains usually ignored. Herein, a series ultra-tough ionogels were prepared via supramolecular solvent, halometallate ionic liquid, in which cations coordinating anions form 3D network. linear polymer physically with solvents synergistically enhancing strength (14.3 MPa), toughness (78 MJ m-3 ),...

Common natural and synthetic high-strength materials (such as rubber, plastics, ceramics, metals) undergo the occurrence of poor deformability. Achieving high strength large deformation simultaneously is a huge challenge. Herein, ionogels are developed through synergy force-induced crystallization halometallate ionic liquid created supramolecular networks. The prepared poly(vinyl alcohol)/halometallate show excellent mechanical properties, including ultimate fracture stress (63.1 ± 2.1 MPa),...

Abstract Ionogels, composed of ionic liquids and supporting networks, possess a plethora exceptional properties, including nonvolatility, remarkable thermal electrochemical stability, elevated mechanical strength, as well outstanding conductivity. Based on these extraordinary characteristics, ionogels have found extensive applications in diverse fields encompassing functional materials, sensors, soft electronics, solid electrolytes, biomedicine. In recent years, witnessed significant...

Abstract The development of aqueous metal‐ion batteries has attracted great attention due to their relatively low cost and high safety levels. However, practical applications are hindered by the ease at which electrolytes freeze. Inspired antifreezing properties salts alcohol cryoprotective agents, a “two‐in‐one” agent, hydroxyl‐functionalized poly(ionic liquid) (PIL‐OH)‐based hydrogel electrolyte for lithium‐ion (ALIBs) is developed. synergy both ionic hydration hydrogen bond interactions...

Abstract The resistance of gels and elastomers increases significantly with tensile strain, which reduces conductive stability restricts their use in stable reliable electronics. Here, highly tough hydrogels composed silver nanowires (AgNWs), liquid metal (LM), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are fabricated. stretch‐induced orientations AgNWs, deformable LM, PVA nanocrystalline create pathways, enhancing the mechanical properties hydrogels, including increased ultimate fracture stress (13‐33 MPa),...

Abstract Solvent‐free elastomers, unlike gels, do not suffer from solvent evaporation and leakage in practical applications. However, it is challenging to realize the preparation of high‐toughness (with both high stress strain) ionic elastomers. Herein, linear poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) elastomers are constructed via supramolecular networks formed by polymerization halometallate liquid (IL) monomers, without any chemical crosslinking. The obtained PIL exhibit strength (16.5 MPa), Young's...

Service life and range of polymer materials is heavily reliant on their elasticity mechanical stability under long-term loading. Slippage chain segments load leads to significant hysteresis the hydrogels, limiting its repeatability stability. Achieving desired exceeding that rubber a great challenge for particularly when subjected large deformations. Here, low-hysteresis high-toughness hydrogels were developed through controllable interactions porous cationic polymers (PCPs) with adjustable...

Abstract With the continuous development of impact protection materials, lightweight, high‐impact resistance, flexibility, and controllable toughness are required. Here, tough impact‐resistant poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)/poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) double‐network (DN) elastomers constructed via multiple cross‐linking polymer networks cation‐π interactions PIL chains. Benefiting from strong noncovalent cohesion achieved by in chains, prepared DN exhibit extraordinary compressive strength...

Abstract Muscles and some tough hydrogels can maintain perfect mechanical properties after millions of loading cycles owing to the anisotropic microstructures inside them. However, applications intrinsic in biological tissues are limited by poor performance perpendicular direction relative alignment direction. Here, a universal strategy is proposed for developing with unprecedented isotropic crack propagation resistance only depending on interpenetrating entanglements polymer chains...

Ionogel-based flexible sensors are widely applied in wearable biomedical devices and soft robots. However, the abandoned ionic rapidly turning into e-waste. Here, we harness porosity coordination of metal sites metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to develop physically crosslinked ionogels, which composed polymer chains that coordinate with MOF sites. The covalent crosslinking host material transformed reversible bond interactions significantly enhance mechanical properties MOF-ionogels. obtained...

The development of hydrogels and ionic gels for applications in fields such as soft electronics wearable sensors is limited by liquid evaporation or leakage. Ionic conductors without volatile liquids are better choices flexible transparent devices. Here, a polymer electrolyte (LPE) prepared from mixture lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide polyethylene glycol (PEG) above the melting point PEG. A three-dimensional (3D) printable solvent-free elastomer (IE) introduced photopolymerization...

Abstract In this study, we developed a superstrong and reversible adhesive, which can possess high bonding strength in the “adhesive” state detach with application of heating. An ionic crystal (IC) gel, an IC was immobilized within soft‐polymer matrix, were synthesized via situ photo‐crosslinking precursor solution composed N, N‐dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA) melted IC. The obtained gel is homogenous transparent at melt point. When cooled to phase transition temperature IC, turns into adhesive...

Abstract Metal‐to‐metal adhesives are vital across diverse sectors including automotive, aerospace, and industrial assembly. However, traditional adhesion detection methods mainly based on the fracture mechanism, posing challenges for nondestructive detection. Here, a method that leverages electrical signals to monitor state of metal interfaces in real‐time is presented. The approach utilizes detectable (DA) synthesized from poly(ionic liquid) (PIL), which not only exhibit robust properties...

Abstract Adhesion in aqueous environments is often hindered by the water layer on surface of substrate due to sensitivity adhesive, greatly limiting application environment. Here, a borate ester dynamically crosslinked poly(ionic liquid) elastomer adhesive (PIEA) with high strength, toughness, self‐healing abilities, and ionic conductivity synthesized copolymerizing hydrophobic liquid monomer ([HPVIm][TFSI]) 2‐methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA). The adhesion strength PIEA can increase spontaneously...

Abstract Service life and range of polymer materials is heavily reliant on their elasticity mechanical stability under long‐term loading. Slippage chain segments load leads to significant hysteresis the hydrogels, limiting its repeatability stability. Achieving desired exceeding that rubber a great challenge for particularly when subjected large deformations. Here, low‐hysteresis high‐toughness hydrogels were developed through controllable interactions porous cationic polymers (PCPs) with...

In this paper, a facile, green and mussel-inspired method is presented to prepare silver loaded layered double hydroxides (Ag-LDHs@PDA Ag-LDHs@TA-Fe(iii)) using pre-synthesis polydopamine (PDA)/tannic acid (TA)-Fe(iii) layer as nanoscale guide PDA/TA itself reducing reagent form uniform nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the surface of modified LDHs. Meanwhile, another kind LDH, Ag-LDHs(PVP), was prepared via direct reduction precursor [Ag(NH3)2]+ with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). And three kinds...

Abstract The mechanical properties of most hydrogels (ionogels) are considerably affected by covalently cross‐linked networks. However, the interactions between solvent/solvent molecules and solvent/polymer chains usually ignored. Herein, a series ultra‐tough ionogels were prepared via supramolecular solvent, halometallate ionic liquid, in which cations coordinating anions form 3D network. linear polymer physically with solvents synergistically enhancing strength (14.3 MPa), toughness (78 MJ...