We analyze the introduction of highly subsidized, universally accessible child care in Quebec, addressing impact on utilization, maternal labor supply, and family well‐being. find strong evidence a shift into new use, although some crowding out existing arrangements is evident. Maternal supply increases significantly. Finally, suggests that children are worse off by measures ranging from aggression to motor social skills illness. also uncover program led more hostile, less consistent...

In this article we examine the economic assimilation of immigrants to Canada. We provide new evidence on who arrived in 1970s and document an increase dispersion labor market outcomes across different vintages over time. Our results confirm U.S. "permanent" differences immigrant cohorts. What distinguishes Canadian experience is small or negative rates for most cohorts sample period. Finally, test overidentification process specified previous studies fail reject usual cohort fixed-effect...

Using U.S. panel data on adult males, I compare the "profile heterogeneity model" of earnings dynamics, in which earnings/experience profile varies across individuals, to a competing model "has unit root." The latter specification enjoys increasing popularity among researchers. My analysis questions this favor, suggesting provides more consistent representation data. also provide new estimates variation growth rates. Previous evidence is from relatively unrepresentative samples. Individuals...

Abstract Survey reports of the incidence chronic conditions are considered by many researchers to be more objective, and thus preferable, measures unobserved health status than self-assessed global well being. In this paper we evaluate hypothesis attempting validate these "objective, self-reported" health. Our analysis makes use a unique data set that matches variety self-reports with respondents' medical records. We find subject considerable response error resulting in large attenuation...

We examine the impact of public sector salary disclosure laws on university faculty salaries in Canada. The laws, which enable access to individual if they exceed specified thresholds, were introduced different provinces at times. Using detailed administrative data covering majority Canada, and an event-study research design that exploits within-province variation exposure policy across institutions academic departments, we find robust evidence reduced gender pay gap between men women by...

Using an extraordinary database drawn from longitudinal income tax records, we decompose Canada's growth in earnings inequality into its persistent and transitory components. We find that the reflects both increase long‐run instability. The Canadian data strongly reject several restrictions commonly imposed U.S. literature, they also suggest imposing these evidently false may lead to distorted inferences about dynamics trends.

Survey reports of the incidence chronic conditions are considered by many researchers to be more objective, and thus preferable, measures unobserved health status than self-assessed global well being. The former 1) responses specific questions about different ailments, which may constrain likelihood that respondents rationalize their own behavior through answers, 2) comparable across respondents. In this paper we evaluate hypothesis exploring measurement error in these 'objective,...

We examine the effects of minimum wage legislation in Canada over period 1975–93. For teenagers we find that a 10% increase is associated with roughly 2.5% decrease employment. also this result driven by low frequency variation data. At high frequencies elasticity positive and insignificant. The difference across bandwidth has implications for interpretation employment dynamics as policy experimental design studies. It provides simple reconciliation "new research," which reports very small...

We examine the impact of maternity leaves on period mothers are away from work postbirth and likelihood they return to their prebirth employer. use introduction expansion statutory job‐protected leave entitlements in Canada identify these effects. find that modest 17–18 weeks do not change amount time spend work. In contrast, longer have a substantive behavior, leading more spent at home. also all we examined increase job continuity with

We study differences in parental time investments preschool girls and boys Canada, the United Kingdom, States. find that teaching activities like reading favor girls, starting at very young ages. document these boy/girl may be quantitatively important explaining corresponding school-age test score gaps. explore a preference explanation of results. little support for (or boys) As result, investment gaps due to sex production functions or costs delivering human capital investments.

Past research documents the persistence of positive impacts early life interventions on noncognitive skills. We test symmetry this finding by studying a sizeable negative shock to outcomes arising with introduction universal child care in Quebec. find that effects persisted school ages, and also cohorts increased access had worse health, lower satisfaction, higher crime rates later life. Our results reinforce previous evidence central role childhood environment for long-run success. (JEL...

Mortality is a crucial indicator of well-being, and recent mortality trends have been subject public debate in many Western countries. This paper compares inequality Canada the United States over period 1990/91 through 2010/11. In Canada, remained constant among youngest but increased for men 24 women 14. contrast, States, fell children youth either modestly or held steady at older ages. By 2010/11, initially higher US rates infant child had almost converged to their Canadian counterparts.

We examine the impact of public sector salary disclosure laws on university faculty salaries in Canada.The laws, which enable access to individual if they exceed specified thresholds, were introduced different provinces at times.Using detailed administrative data covering majority Canada, and an event-study research design that exploits within-province variation exposure policy across institutions academic departments, we find robust evidence reduced gender pay gap between men women by...

Abstract Conventional electrodes and associated positioning systems for intracellular recording from single neurons in vitro vivo are large bulky, which has largely limited their scalability. Further, acquiring successful recordings is very tedious, requiring a high degree of skill not readily achieved typical laboratory. We report here robotic, MEMS-based system to overcome the above limitations with form factor, scalability, highly skilled tedious manual operations required recordings....

How do we train for the entire spectrum of potential emergency and crisis scenarios? Will suddenly face large numbers combat casualties, an earthquake, a plane crash, industrial explosion, or terrorist bombing? The daily routine can be complicated by patients, exceeding ability to treat in fashion. Disaster events result patients with penetrating wounds, burns, blast injuries, chemical contamination, all these at once. Some may disrupt infrastructure loss essential equipment key personnel....

We study the impact of maternal care on early child development using an expansion in Canadian maternity leave entitlements. Following expansion, mothers who took spent 48-58 percent more time not working their children's first year life. This extra primarily crowded out home-based by unlicensed nonrelatives and replaced full-time work. Our estimates suggest a weak this increase indicators development. For example, measures temperament motor social show changes that are small statistically...

Using the native born as a benchmark we examine immigrants reliance on Canadas social safety net....We find that have lower participation rates in Unemployment Insurance and Social Assistance than natives. We also `assimilation leads to greater both these programs....More recent immigrant cohorts higher recipiency their predecessors....The results for contrast with U.S. evidence raw entry of many exceed rates. Finally our analysis rent subsidies...[shows that] initially which fall...