A5077987375- Global Health Care Issues
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
- Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Income, Poverty, and Inequality
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
- Birth, Development, and Health
National Bureau of Economic Research
2012-2023
Northwestern University
2018-2023
Princeton University
2012-2022
University of St. Gallen
2022
Harvard University
2022
University of California, Los Angeles
2020-2022
University of Copenhagen
2021
Barcelona School of Economics
2019-2021
Stanford University
2018-2021
VATT Institute for Economic Research
2021
Formulae display:?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax order to improve their display. Uncheck the box turn off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula zoom.
This paper studies the differential persistent effects of initial economic conditions for labor market entrants in United States from 1976 to 2015 by education, gender, and race using force survey data. We find earnings wage reductions, especially less advantaged entrants, that increases government support only partly offset. confirm results are unaffected selective migration entry also a double-weighted average unemployment rate at each birth cohort state-of-birth cell based on state rates...
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a large decrease in US life expectancy 2020, but whether similar occurred 2021 and the relationship between income intensified during are unclear.
A large literature describes relationships between month of birth, birth weight, and gestation. These are hypothesized to reflect the causal impact seasonal environmental factors. However, recent work casts doubt on this interpretation by showing that mothers with lower socioeconomic status more likely give in months associated poorer outcomes. Seasonality numbers conceptions different can also induce a mechanical correlation preterm birth. This paper analyzes seasonality health at using...
Scholars have been examining the relationship between fertility and unemployment for more than a century. Most studies find that falls with in short run, but it is not known whether these negative effects persist, because women simply may postpone childbearing to better economic times. Using 140 million US birth records period 1975-2010, we analyze both short- long-run of on fertility. We follow fixed cohorts US-born defined by their own state year birth, relate rate experienced each cohort...
Do wealth shocks affect the health of elderly in developed countries? I exploit booms and busts US stock market as a natural experiment that generated considerable gains losses stock-holding retirees. Using data from 1998–2011 Health Retirement Study, construct interaction holdings with changes. These predict changes strongly outcomes. A 10 percent loss leads to an impairment 2–3 standard deviation physical health, mental survival rates. (JEL D14, G11, G14, I12, J14)
Many recent studies point to increasing inequality in mortality the United States over past 20 years. These often use rates middle and old age. We used poverty level rankings of groups U.S. counties as a basis for analyzing all age 1990, 2000, 2010. Consistent with previous studies, we found at older ages. For children young adults below 20, however, strong improvements that were most pronounced poorer counties, implying decrease inequality. younger cohorts will form future adult population,...
Benchmarking is a popular quality-improvement tool in economic practice. Its basic principle consists of identifying the best (the benchmark), then comparing with best, and learning from best. In healthcare, concept benchmarking or establishing benchmarks has been less specific, where comparisons often do not target but average results. The goal, however, remains improvement patient outcome. This article outlines application proposes standard approach benchmark determination surgery,...
Mortality is a crucial indicator of well-being, and recent mortality trends have been subject public debate in many Western countries. This paper compares inequality Canada the United States over period 1990/91 through 2010/11. In Canada, remained constant among youngest but increased for men 24 women 14. contrast, States, fell children youth either modestly or held steady at older ages. By 2010/11, initially higher US rates infant child had almost converged to their Canadian counterparts.
In this essay, we ask whether the distributions of life expectancy and mortality have become generally more unequal, as many seem to believe, report some good news. Focusing on groups counties ranked by their poverty rates, show that gains in at birth actually been relatively equally distributed between rich poor areas. Analysts who concluded inequality is increasing focused age 40 50. This observation suggests it important examine trends for younger older ages separately. Turning an...
<h3>Importance</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted medical care, impacting prescribing of opioid analgesics and buprenorphine for use disorder. Understanding these patterns can help address barriers to care. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate how disorder changed throughout the among both new existing patients. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> In this cross-sectional study, from March 18 September 1, 2020, was projected using a national database retail prescriptions January 2018, 3, 2020....
Abstract In 2008, Volkswagen introduced a new generation of “Clean Diesel” cars and heavily marketed them to environmentally conscious US consumers. Unknown the public, these were anything but clean, emitting pollutants up 150 times level comparable gas-fuelled cars. We study rollout emissions-cheating diesel across United States from 2008 2015 as natural experiment examine impact moderate levels car pollution on infant child health in general population. Using universe vehicle...
This cross-sectional study uses data from the Ohio Department of Health to evaluate trends in drug overdose mortality that state by type and user age during first 7 months COVID-19 epidemic.
Significance From 1990 to 2018, the Black–White American life expectancy gap fell 48.9% and mortality inequality decreased, although progress stalled after 2012 as plateaued. Had improvements continued at rate, racial in would have closed by 2036. Despite decreasing inequality, income-based gaps remain starker United States than European countries. At same time, improved strongly even those U.S. populations with longest spans–White Americans living highest-income areas–experience higher all...
Significance In the last two decades, over 240,000 American students were on school grounds when a gunman opened fire at their school. While public attention often focuses victims who killed, less is known about impacts of shootings surviving youth. This study represents largest analysis to date effects an important indicator youth mental health: use prescription antidepressants. We find that local exposure fatal leads persistent and significant increases in antidepressant use. These are...
We use natality microdata covering the universe of US. births for 2015 to 2021 and California from through February 2023 examine childbearing responses COVID-19 pandemic. find that 60% 2020 decline in US fertility rates was driven by sharp reductions foreign-born mothers although this group comprised only 22% all 2019. This started January 2020. In contrast, recession resulted an overall “baby bump” among US-born mothers, which marked first reversal declining since Great Recession. Births...
Abstract The events of 9/11 released a million tons toxic dust into lower Manhattan, an unparalleled environmental disaster. It is puzzling, then, that the literature has shown little effect fetal exposure to dust. However, inference complicated by preexisting differences between affected mothers and other NYC as well heterogeneity in effects on boys girls. Using all births in-utero comparing them their siblings, we show residence area increased prematurity low birth weight, especially for boys.
Do populations grow as countries become richer? In this study we estimate the effects on population growth of shocks to national income that are plausibly exogenous and unlikely be driven by technological change. For a panel over 139 spanning period 1960–2007, interact changes in international oil prices with countries' average net‐export shares GDP. Controlling for country time fixed effects, find measure price induced is positively associated growth. The IV estimates indicate 1 percentage...
Without the opioid epidemic, American life expectancy would not have declined prior to 2020. The epidemic was sparked by development and marketing of a new generation prescription opioids, behavior providers is still helping drive it. Little relationship exists between crisis contemporaneous measures labor market opportunity: cohorts areas that experienced poor conditions do show lagged increases in mortality, but effect modest relative scale epidemic. We argue specific policies features...
This paper uses several large cross-sectional data sources and a new approach to estimate midlife effects of entering the labor market in recession on mortality by cause various measures socioeconomic status. We find that cohorts coming age during deep early 1980s suffer increases appear their late 30s further strengthen through 50. show these impacts are driven disease-related causes such as heart disease, lung cancer, liver well drug overdoses. At same time, unlucky middle-aged entrants...