Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to investigate effects chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function and pathophysiology. Methods To create a model for CPPS, rats were intraprostatically injected with zymosan or saline, serving as control. Metabolic cage experiments performed 7, 14, 21 days after injection 14 in control group. Thereafter, cystometry which simulated micturition cycles induced by saline infusion contractile responses...

Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis alterations have been reported to occur both at efferent and afferent level in the micturition reflex arc. In particular, stretching of bladder wall causing urothelial release ATP has proposed as one pivotal mechanisms these alterations. To evaluate functional changes levels following cyclophosphamide treatment we applied a novel situ half rat model.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either saline or (100 mg/kg), stretch-, electric-, methacholine-,...

Nitric oxide (NO) has pivotal roles in cyclophosphamide- (CYP-) induced cystitis during which mucosal nitric synthase (NOS) and muscarinic M5 receptor expressions are upregulated. In cystitis, urothelial NO-linked effects hamper contractility. Therefore we wondered if a blockade of this axis also affects the induction rat. Rats were pretreated with saline, antagonist 4-DAMP (1 mg/kg ip), or NOS inhibitor L-NAME (30 ip) for five days. 60 h before experiments rats treated saline CYP....

Abstract Today, monotherapy is the most common pharmacological treatment option for patients suffering from overactive bladder (OAB). Recent reports have indicated potential benefits of combination therapy, using a muscarinic antagonist and β 3 ‐adrenoceptor agonist. This may be particular interest therapy‐resistant with OAB concomitant cystitis. The objective current study was to assess how therapy affects parameters in health cystitis if efficacy drugs can linked altered release nitric...

The search for new animal models to investigate both efferent and afferent levels of the micturition reflex, better understand urinary dysfunctions, is great importance. Therefore in this study we developed characterized, by comparisons with a conventional whole bladder model, novel situ model.The was carefully prepared separated, via midline incision, into two halves all way urethra pentobarbitone medetomidine anesthetized male rats. separated (with no direct connection) were immobilized...

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common and bothersome condition for which no pharmacological treatment options with acceptable efficacy exist. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator BAY 60-2770 COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on bladder function in rat model CPPS.Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraprostatically injected either saline, serving as control, or zymosan, induce prostatitis. On days 8-20, treated...

Urinary problems, including urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia are some of the non-motor symptoms that correlate most with poor quality life in Parkinson's disease. However, mechanism behind these is poorly understood, particular regarding peripheral bladder pathophysiology following dopamine degeneration.

Mechanical stretch of the urothelium induces release ATP that activates bladder afferent nerves. In rat urinary bladder, is also a contractile co-transmitter in parasympathetic innervation. isolated preparations, evokes urothelial acetylcholine substantially contributes to ATP-evoked responses. Currently we aimed further examine interactions and two vivo models. whole preparation, atropine reduced responses by about 50% intact but denervated bladders, while had no effect after denudation...

In the urinary bladder, main source of NO seems to be urothelium and underlying suburothelium. this study, we aimed characterize how receptors in human regulate production release NO. For this, cultured two urothelial cell lines - normal immortalized line UROtsa malignant T24. These were treated with an array agonists antagonists affinity for adrenergic, muscarinic purinergic receptors. The expression nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was studied by immunocytochemistry Western blotting. amount...

Abstract Adequate knowledge in pharmacology is crucial many professions but a non-negligible proportion of students fail the exams and underlying factors largely lacking. This study was performed to evaluate what extent various are related student performance pharmacology-related courses higher education, linking administrative data attendance at non-mandatory teaching sessions questionnaire replies. A total 596 (median age: 22 years; 70% female) were included from eight which part either...

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). The exact mechanisms behind these are not clearly understood. Studies well-established 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats PD have shown altered contractility isolated circular and longitudinal smooth muscle strips distal colon. Contractile changes proximal colon ileum nevertheless poorly studied. Moreover, segments may serve as better tissue preparations to understand interplay...

Abstract Background The aim of the current study was to investigate effects chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function via prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization in a rat model lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostate inflammation. Methods Male rats were intraprostatically injected with LPS or saline, serving as control. Micturition parameters examined metabolic cage 10 14 days later. Subsequently, evaluate function, cystometry performed. cycles induced...

Summary Obidoxime, a weak acetylcholine‐esterase ( AC hE) inhibitor, exerts muscarinic receptor antagonism with significant M2 selective profile. The current examinations aimed to determine the functional significance of receptors in state hE inhibition, elucidating and M3 interaction. In vitro examinations, methacholine evoked concentration‐dependent bladder contractile atrial frequency inhibitory responses. Although atropine abolished both, methoctramine (1 μ mol/L) only affected...

We wanted to assess whether β-adrenoceptors mediate proliferation in the normal and malignant urothelial cell lines UROtsa T24, respectively. Urothelial cells were cultured for 24 h presence of β-adrenoceptor agonists isoprenaline (β1/2/3 ), dobutamine (β1 salbutamol (β2 BRL 37344 (β3 CGP 12177 (a partial β-agonist) or antagonists (metoprolol; β1 , propranolol; β1/2 ). Phosphorylation kinases was screened with a Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit (R&D systems). Intracellular pathways activated...

Abstract Purpose The current idea of how oral mucositis (OM) develops is primarily based on hypotheses and the early events which precede clinically established OM remain to be demonstrated. Cryotherapy (CT) continues have considerable promise in clinical settings reduce chemotherapy-induced OM. Although being effective, knowledge scarce regarding ideal temperature for prevention Thus, present study had two main objectives: (i) develop an animal model investigate OM; (ii) at what cooling...

While acetylcholine is regarded to be the main directly contractile transmitter substance in urinary bladder, interactions with other transmitters likely occur. Presently, interplay between purinergic and cholinergic signalling was investigated unravel involvement of urothelium efferent neurons functionally important purinergically evoked release vitro. Functional characterization receptor subtypes involved this also performed. In vitro organ bath experiments electrical field stimulation...

The 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model is one of the most common animal models Parkinson's disease. When experimentally inducing dopaminergic neurodegeneration in nigrostriatal pathway using 6-OHDA, noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor desipramine often systemically injected order to protect against damages system brain. An increasing number studies are focusing on understanding pathophysiological changes underlying autonomic non-motor symptoms, particular urinary bladder and gastrointestinal...