The use of antimicrobial agents as feed additives in poultry production is a public health concern due to the overall increase resistance. Although some alternative products are commercially available, little known on their potential impact flock and productivity. A prospective study involving 1.55 million birds was conducted eight commercial broiler farms Québec, Canada, evaluate replacing antibiotic growth promoters anticoccidial drugs by drug-free program including improved brooding...

Five hundred and seventy-three clinical submissions with fowl adenovirus (FAdV) involvement were examined to investigate the association of different types FAdV problems related infection. Samples received from 2000 2006 originated seven Canadian provinces. Four eighty-seven inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) related, while 86 not IBH related. Viruses isolated 287 samples further analysed by hexon gene loop 1 sequencing. Twenty-seven genotyped FAdVs Alberta, 20 British Columbia, 16 Manitoba, one...

Extreme paleness of skinless, boneless chicken breasts sampled from the packaging area a commercial processing plant was investigated. Six hundred fillets were collected during 10 visits to same and classified as normal (n = 300) pale according visual assessment by principal investigator. Color (spectrocolorimetry) pH each fillet measured within 1 h following collection. Fillets frozen in liquid nitrogen pooled samples meat later analyzed for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS),...

In order to study the dynamics of avian colibacillosis, commercial broiler chickens were inoculated with a pathogenic Escherichia coli strain (01:K1:H7) into left caudal thoracic air sac. Chickens euthanatized at different times from 3 48 hr postinoculation and examined for bacterial counts macroscopic microscopic lesions. The E. colonized sacs, lungs, trachea was recovered blood all tested extrarespiratory organs birds. A gradual increase in trachea, liver observed 12 hr. Clinical signs...

The capacity for Lactobacillus johnsonii and an organic acid (OA) blend to prevent Clostridium perfringens-induced clinical necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens was studied.Cobb 500 birds were allocated into six groups (n = 25 birds/pen, eight pens/treatment); Unchallenged, Challenged, Antimicrobial (zinc bacitracin (ZnB)/monensin), OA, probiotic Lact. sham (Phosphate-buffered saline). All challenged with Eimeria spp. Cl. perfringens except unchallenged controls. Birds fed antimicrobials...

Salmonella Enteritidis is vertically transmitted to eggs from laying hens through infected ovaries and oviducts. S. can also penetrate the eggshell contaminated feces. Reducing in vital provide safer minimize spread of salmonellosis humans. Antibiotics have been widely used control bacterial diseases broilers hens. However, there a major concern that use antibiotics leads development antibiotic resistance adverse effects on microbiota treated birds. Thus, an interest developing alternatives...

Clostridium perfringens, the causative agent of necrotic enteritis in chickens, is controlled by in-feed antibiotics. With increasing pressure to reduce antimicrobial use, development alternative preventive tools needed. Type IV pili proteins have been shown be immunogenic many Gram-positive bacteria. The aims this study were evaluate potential pilins (PilA1, PilA2 and PilA3) from C. perfringens chickens verify their ability protect against enteritis. Chickens immunized twice with 50 µg...

The Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) monitors Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter their resistance to antimicrobials in broiler chickens at the farm slaughter plant levels. In response many years of CIPARS’ observations farmers’ data, Chicken Farmers Canada implemented a strategy reduce antimicrobial use 2014. As genes can be transmitted vertically from parents offspring, study was conducted breeder flocks assess frequency target...

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an important avian pathogen with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. IBV the causative agent of infectious (IB), primarily respiratory disease affecting chickens, ability to disseminate other organ systems, such as gastrointestinal, renal, lymphoid, and reproductive systems. Tracheal epithelial cells are primary target IBV, these play vital role in effective induction antiviral response eventual clearance IBV. The host immune system regulated by...

Osteomyelitis caused by Enterococcus cecorum is an emerging disease in broiler chickens Canada. Other species have been reported as causative agents certain outbreaks. The epidemiology of this unknown, but contaminated barns are affected recurring episodes. A chicken flock located Quebec, Canada, exhibited osteomyelitis lesions positive for E. and faecalis. Surprisingly, the following lot, same barn, revealed presence faecalis- raffinosus-positive no cecorum. To better understand these two...

ABSTRACT Spectrocolorimetry, pH, TBARS, total pigment and myoglobin were measured in normal abnormally dark‐colored broiler chicken breast muscle. Analyses of L*, a* b* values revealed that highly sensitive specific to differentiate from carcasses thus could be used as a potential diagnostic method for carcass classification at slaughter. Color characteristics (L*, a*, values), pigment, myoglobin, iron concentrations all significantly different muscle when compared with TBARS percentage...

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious Gammacoronavirus causing moderate to severe respiratory infection in chickens. Understanding the initial antiviral response mucosa crucial for controlling viral spread. We aimed characterize impact of IBV Delmarva (DMV)/1639 and Massachusetts (Mass) 41 at primary site infection, namely, chicken tracheal epithelial cells (cTECs) vitro trachea vivo. hypothesized that some elements induced responses are distinct both models. inoculated...

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection causes significant economic losses to various sectors of the poultry industry worldwide. Over past few years, incidence false layer syndrome in Eastern Canadian flocks has been associated with increased prevalence IBV Delmarva (DMV)/1639 strain. In this study, 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) hens were infected DMV/1639 strain and observed until 16 weeks age order determine if is causing syndrome. Early after infection, showed a wide tissue...

Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial, was used in Canadian hatcheries for many years to prevent early mortality chicks, leading high prevalence of resistance Escherichia coli chickens. Preventive use ceftiofur ceased 2014. We examined the effect cessation (n = 40 flocks with and n 28 without antimicrobial at hatchery) its replacement an combination, lincomycin-spectinomycin 32), hatchery on proportion samples E. positive extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) AmpC...