Abstract Background The Drosophila wing represents a particularly appropriate model to investigate the developmental control of phenotypic variation. Previous studies which aimed identify candidate genes for morphology demonstrated that genetic basis shape variation in D. melanogaster is composed numerous factors causing small, additive effects. In this study, we analyzed males and females from 191 lines , homozygous single P -element insertion, using geometric morphometrics techniques....

The rapid evolution of genital morphology is a fascinating feature that accompanies many speciation events. However, the underlying patterns and explanatory processes remain to be settled. In this work we investigate intraspecific variation interspecific divergence in male genitalic (size shape) cactophilic sibling species Drosophila buzzatii D. koepferae. Genital hybrids was examined compared corresponding parental lines. Despite being siblings, koepferae showed contrasting morphological...

Abstract As in most insect groups, host plant shifts cactophilic Drosophila represent environmental challenges as flies must adjust their developmental programme to the presence of different chemical compounds and/or a microflora that may differ diversity and abundance yeasts bacteria. In this context, wing morphology provides an excellent opportunity investigate factors induce changes during development. work, we investigated phenotypic plasticity instability on buzzatii koepferae raised...

Neriidae are a small family of acalyptratae flies, mostly distributed in the tropics. Very little is known about their biology, and evolutionary relationships among species have never been evaluated. We perform first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis family, including 48 from all biogeographic regions inhabited, as well five Micropezidae one Cypselosomatidae outgroups. build morphological data matrix 194 characters, 72 continuous characters. explore ways to deal with issue scaling...

High-throughput transcriptome studies are breaking new ground to investigate the responses that organisms deploy in alternative environments. Nevertheless, much remains be understood about genetic basis of host plant adaptation. Here, we genome-wide expression fly Drosophila buzzatii raised different conditions. This species uses decaying tissues cactus genus Opuntia as primary rearing substrate and secondarily, necrotic columnar Trichocereus terscheckii. The latter constitutes a harmful...

En el campo de la ingeniería civil es suma importancia determinación resistencia a compresión axial los elementos estructurales una edificación, así como diagnóstico mismos durante su vida útil, esto posible con uso técnicas invasivas no invasivas. este trabajo se presentan resultados experimentales pruebas destructivas y especímenes morteros fabricados diversas proporciones agregados pétreos sometidos esfuerzos hasta punto falla o ruptura. El método destructivo consistió en prensa...

Modularity and developmental (in)stability have the potential to influence phenotype production and, consequently, evolutionary trajectories of species. Depending on environmental factors involved buffering capacity an organism, different outcomes are expected. Cactophilic Drosophila species provide established eco-evolutionary model with well-studied ecological conditions, making them ideal for studying these phenomena. Here, we investigated how variations in larval diet exposure alkaloids...

The role of phenotypic modularity in the evolution skull morphology birds has been a subject debate recent years. Furnariids (ovenbirds and woodcreepers), spectacular avian adaptive radiation, are distinguished their cranial as only passerines with two types kinesis, constituting great model to test whether novelties linked kinesis was associated shifts patterns evolutionary allometry skull. Our analyses by means geometric morphometric tools phylogenetic comparative methods show that beak...

Abstract We investigated the correlated evolution of fitness‐related traits in cactophilic species Drosophila buzzatii Patterson & Wheeler and D. koepferae Fontdevila Wasserman (Drosophilidae, Drosophilini) as an indirect response to adaptation high concentrations phytochemicals their host plant ( Trichocereus terscheckii Briton Rose). Specifically, we examined whether experimental phytochemical tolerance influenced metabolic rate, fecundity, longevity, starvation resistance. Our...

The evolution of cactophily in the genus Drosophila was a major ecological transition involving over hundred species Americas that acquired capacity to cope with variety toxic metabolites evolved as feeding deterrents Cactaceae. D. buzzatii and koepferae are sibling cactophilic repleta group. former is mainly associated relatively toxic-free habitat offered by prickly pears (Opuntia sulphurea) latter has ability use columnar cacti genera Trichocereus Cereus contain an array alkaloid...

The use of quantitative morphometric information for phylogenetic inference has been an intensely debated topic most the history systematics. Despite several drawbacks, common strategy to include this sort data into studies is ratios, that quotients between variables. Here, we discuss one particular problem associated with such methodology: fact often arbitrary election which variable serves as numerator and denominator affects outcome analysis. We describe cause effect, study its...

Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae are two sibling species that breed on the necrotic tissues of several cactus show a certain degree niche overlap. Also, they differences in life history traits, such as body size developmental time, which probably evolved consequence adaptation to different host plants. In this work we investigate ecological genetic factors affecting wing morphology variation both within between species. Three traits were scored, distal proximal length width isofemale...

Abstract Understanding the evolution of a Bauplan starts with discriminating phylogenetic signal from adaptation and latter exaptation in observed biodiversity. Whether traits have predated, accompanied, or followed particular functions is basic inference to establish type explanations required determine morphological evolution. To accomplish this, we focus group vertebrates, anurans. Frogs toads unique among set postcranial features that been considered adaptations jumping locomotion since...

The host-plant environment of phytophagous insects directly affects various aspects an insect's life cycle. Interestingly, relatively few insect groups have specialized in the exploitation plants Cactaceae family, potentially because chemical and ecological challenges imposed by these plants. cactophilic Drosophila buzzatii Patterson & Wheeler, 1942 is a well-studied model evolutionary ecology, partially its ability to exploit toxic cactus hosts. Previous studies shown negative effect on...

Host shifts cause drastic consequences on fitness in cactophilic species of Drosophila. It has been argued that changes the nutritional values accompanying host may elicit these responses, but they also reflect presence potentially toxic secondary compounds affect resource quality. Recent studies reported alkaloids extracted from columnar cactus Trichocereus terscheckii are for developing larvae Drosophila buzzatii. In this study, we tested effect artificial diets including increasing doses...

A central issue in evolutionary biology is to understand the mechanisms promoting morphological evolution during speciation. In a previous study, we showed that Neotropical cactophilic sibling species Drosophila gouveai and antonietae can be reared media prepared with their presumptive natural host plants (Pilosocereus machrisis Cereus hildmaniannus) egg adult viability not independent of cactus host. present investigate effects ecological genetic factors on interspecific divergence wing...

Several studies have shown the interesting properties of Opuntia spp. (“prickly pears”), although most this knowledge is based on O. ficus-indica. sulphurea a species that largely distributed in Monte region Argentina, where it has been used as an edible resource, especially periods food shortage. This first report evaluating chemical composition cladodes. Our results show cladodes are composed primarily water, with other prickly pears studied, which consistent their expected role water...

Abstract Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae are sibling cactophilic species. The former breeds primarily on prickly pears (genus Opuntia ) whereas the latter columnar cacti of genera Cereus Trichocereus , although with certain degree niche overlapping. We examined interspecific differences in diurnal temporal patterns adult emergence from puparia evaluated whether this behavior is affected by rearing different cactus hosts available nature. detected important host‐dependent genetic...

Abstract In the genus Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), interspecific hybridization is a rare phenomenon. However, recent evidence suggests certain degree of introgression between cactophilic siblings buzzatii Patterson & Wheeler and koepferae Fontdevila Wasserman. this article, we analyzed larval viability developmental time hybrids males D. females , raised in media prepared with fermenting tissues natural host plants that these species utilize nature as breeding sites. all cases,...