A5059492377- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- interferon and immune responses
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Landslides and related hazards
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Study of Mite Species
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Malaria Research and Control
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- HIV Research and Treatment
University of Louisville
2012-2023
Southern Research Institute
2006-2019
Texas Tech University
2003-2005
New Mexico State University
2003-2005
Asan Medical Center
1999
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
1990-1995
Baculovirus and vaccinia virus vectors were used to express the small (S) medium (M) genome segments of Hantaan virus. Expression complete S or M yielded proteins electrophoretically indistinguishable from nucleocapsid protein envelope glycoproteins (G1 G2), expression portions segment, encoding either G1 G2 alone, similarly which closely resembled authentic proteins. The expressed retained all antigenic sites defined by a panel monoclonal antibodies elicited in animals reacted with viral A...
ABSTRACT Hantaan virus is the prototypic member of Hantavirus genus within family Bunyaviridae and a causative agent potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The are negative-sense RNA viruses three-part segmented genomes. Virions enveloped decorated spikes derived from pair glycoproteins (Gn Gc). Here, we present cryo-electron tomography single-particle microscopy studies virions. We have determined structure tetrameric Gn-Gc spike complex to resolution 2.5 nm show that...
In contrast to most negative-stranded RNA viruses, hantaviruses and other viruses in the family Bunyaviridae mature intracellularly, deriving virion envelope from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or Golgi compartment. While it is generally accepted that Old World assemble bud into compartment, some studies with New have raised possibility of maturation at plasma membrane as well. Overall, steps leading assembly remain largely undetermined for hantaviruses. Because do not matrix proteins,...
In terms of its highly pathogenic nature, there remains a significant need to further define the immune pathology SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection, as well identify correlates immunity help develop vaccines for severe coronaviral infections. Here we use SARS-CoV infection-reinfection ferret model and functional genomics approach gain insight into SARS immunopathogenesis protection during SARS-CoV-challenge in ferrets previously infected with or immunized virus vaccine. We identified...
Replication, cell tropism and the magnitude of host's antiviral immune response each contribute to resulting pathogenicity influenza A viruses (IAV) in humans. In contrast seasonal IAV human cases, 2009 H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm) shows a greater for infection lung similar H5N1. We hypothesized that host responses during well-differentiated, primary bronchial epithelial cells (wd-NHBE) may differ between (H1N1 A/BN/59/07) H1N1pdm isolates from fatal (A/KY/180/10) nonfatal (A/KY/136/09) case. For...
We examined the genetic and antigenic properties of Dobrava (DOB) virus, a hantavirus associated with severe haemorrhagic fever renal syndrome in Europe. Cloning sequence analyses revealed DOB M segment to consist 3644 nucleotides, coding capacity 1134 amino acids virus complementary-sense RNA (cRNA). Seven potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites were identified gene product, one G2 six G1 regions. The S is 1667 nucleotides long, has single ORF cRNA capable encoding protein 428...
To investigate the ability of a vaccinia virus-vectored vaccine expressing M and S segments Hantaan (HTN) virus (C. S. Schmaljohn, E. Hasty, J. M. Dalrymple, Vaccine 10:10-13, 1992) to elicit protective immune response against other hantaviruses, we vaccinated hamsters with recombinant challenged them HTN, Seoul (SEO), or Puumala (PUU) virus. Neutralizing antibodies HTN were found in all both before after challenge. antibody titers SEO present at low levels undetectable two immunizations but...
Alphaviruses present serious health threats as emerging and re-emerging viruses. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), a New World alphavirus, can cause in humans horses, but there are no therapeutics for treatment. To date, compounds reported anti-VEEV or anti-alphavirus inhibitors have shown moderate activity. discover new classes of with novel viral targets, we used high-throughput screen based on the measurement cell protection from live VEEV TC-83-induced cytopathic effect to...
Following an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Paraguayan Chaco 1995, Calomys laucha was identified as rodent host for associated with these cases. To explore possibility additional hantaviruses Paraguay, we collected 636 mammals from 10 17 departments. Plasma 27 animals Alto Paraguay and Boquer6n Neembucú Itapúa eastern region had antibody to Andes virus antigens. Of 27, five individuals (among four species) were positive RNA. Sera indigenous people ascertain whether...
Journal Article Cross-Neutralization of Hantaviruses with Immune Sera from Experimentally Infected Animals and Hemorrhagic Fever Renal Syndrome Hantavirus Pulmonary Patients Get access Yong-Kyu Chu, Chu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gerald Jennings, Jennings Alan Schmaljohn, Schmaljohn Fredrik Elgh, Elgh Brian Hjelle, Hjelle Ho-Wang Lee, Lee Steven Jenison, Jenison Thomas Ksiazek, Ksiazek C. J. Peters, Peters Pierre Rollin, Rollin ... Show...
Ribavirin (RBV) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that inhibits the production of infectious Hantaan virus (HTNV). Although mechanism action RBV against HTNV not understood, metabolized in human cells to both RBV-5'-monophosphate, which IMP dehydrogenase, resulting decrease intracellular GTP levels, and RBV-5'-triphosphate (RBV-TP), could selectively interact with viral RNA polymerase. To elucidate activity was most important its anti-HTNV activity, studied Vero E6 cells. Incubation 10 40...
RNA of more than 40 hantavirus isolates, originating from rodents and humans widely separated geographical areas, was copied to cDNA using reverse transcriptase amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A genus-reactive oligonucleotide primer pair, flanking a 365 bp region the G2 glycoprotein gene, chosen for PCR. DNA products were digested with 20 restriction endonucleases cleavage patterns analysed. For strains known sequence, observed consistent those predicted sequence data,...
Relatively little information is available concerning the natural history or population ecology of montane akodont, Akodon montensis, a sigmodontine species that harbors Jaborá and Ape Aime hanta viruses. On basis mark-recapture sampling 3 locales during 2 years, this report provides comparative data on populational other characteristics near its distributional limit, in Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest Paraguay. We found A. montensis to be almost exclusively terrestrial (nonarboreal) vary...
Hantaviruses may cause serious disease when transmitted to humans by their rodent hosts. Since emergence in the Americas 1993, there have been extensive efforts understand role of environmental factors on presence these viruses host populations. HPS outbreaks linked precipitation, but climatic alone not sufficient predict spatial-temporal dynamics environment-reservoir-virus system. Using a series mark-recapture sampling sites located at Mbaracayú Biosphere Reserve, an Atlantic Forest site...
Molecular imaging has gained attention as a possible approach for the study of progression inflammation and disease dynamics. Herein we used [18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]-FDG) radiotracer PET coupled with CT (FDG-PET/CT) to gain insight into spatiotemporal inflammatory response ferrets infected clinical isolate pandemic influenza virus, H1N1 (H1N1pdm). The thoracic regions mock- H1N1pdm-infected were imaged prior infection at 1, 2, 3 6 days post-infection (DPI). On 1 DPI,...
ABSTRACT Infection of the lower respiratory tract by influenza A viruses results in increases inflammation and immune cell infiltration lung. The dynamic relationships among lung microenvironments, lung, systemic host responses during infection remain poorly understood. Here we used extensive systematic histological analysis coupled with live imaging to gain access these ferrets infected 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus (H1N1pdm virus). Neutrophil levels rose lungs H1N1pdm virus-infected 6 h...
What is currently known about the ecology of North American hantaviruses has come largely from studies on Sin Nombre virus (SNV). We conducted a longitudinal study Bayou (BAYV), second-leading agent hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in United States. Antibodies to were detected Oryzomys palustris (most commonly infected species), Sigmodon hispidus, Peromyscus leucopus, Reithrodontomys fulvescens, and Baiomys taylori. However, only O. had viral RNA tissues excreta, suggesting that antibodies...
To further understanding of the structure and morphology Orthohantavirus, family Hantaviridae, we have employed cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for three New World hantaviruses: Andes (ANDV), Sin Nombre (SNV), Black Creek Canal (BCCV). Building upon our prior cryo-EM cryo-tomography study Old hantavirus, Hantaan virus (HTNV), expanded studies to examine entire virion population present in cell culture supernatant. Hence, contrast cryo-EM/ET which used a polyethylene precipitation, sucrose...
Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a human disease characterized by flu-like symptoms, dysfunction, and in severe cases, haemorrhagic manifestations. The causative agents of HFRS are Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), Puumala (PUU) Dobrava (DOB) hantaviruses. Hantavirus infections increasing importance Europe. Outbreaks occur Belgium 3- to 4-year interval an number cases. We describe the largest outbreak so far 217 serologically clinically confirmed cases period between October 1995...
In vitro, ribavirin acts as a lethal mutagen in Hantaan virus (HTNV)-infected Vero E6 cells, resulting an increased mutation load and viral population extinction. this study, we asked whether treatment the lethal, suckling mouse model of HTNV infection would act similarly. The genomic RNA (vRNA) copy number infectious were measured lungs untreated ribavirin-treated mice. untreated, HTNV-infected mice, vRNA for 10 days postinfection (dpi) thereafter remained constant through 26 dpi....
Currently, there are no licensed human vaccines or antivirals for treatment of prevention from infection with encephalitic alphaviruses. Because epidemics sporadic and unpredictable, endemic disease is common but rarely diagnosed, it difficult to identify all populations requiring vaccination; thus, an effective post-exposure method needed interrupt ongoing outbreaks. To address this public health need, we have continued development ML336 deliver a molecule prophylactic therapeutic potential...