A light ray, incident at about 5° to the normal, is geometrically plotted through drawing of cross section a soybean leaf using Fresnel's equations and Snell's law. The optical mediums considered for ray tracing are air, cell sap, chloroplast, wall. above also drawn same considering wall air as only mediums. values reflection transmission found from agree closely with experimental results obtained Beckman DK-2A spectroreflectometer.

Phase change materials (PCM) are being utilised world over for energy storage and temperature smoothening applications. Defence Laboratory Jodhpur (DLJ) has initiated a R&D programme to apply PCM in solving many heat related problems faced by Indian forces during desert operations specially failure of mission-critical components. Under the programme, special organic (Patent application no. 2258/DEL/2007 low melting metal alloys have been developed well tuned diurnal cycle. The panels, when...

The heat packs using phase change materials (PCMs) are designed for possible applications such as body comfort and medical under adverse situations. development performance of rely on thermophysical properties PCMs latent heat, suitable releasing temperature, degree supercooling, effective time, crystallite size, stability against spontaneous nucleation in metastable supercooled liquid state thermal during heating cooling cycles. Such rare the available do not exhibit simultaneously to meet...

The purpose of this study was to determine the statistical separability multispectral measurements from agricultural cover types: com, soybeans, green forage (hay and pasture), forest, in one 12 spectral channels. Multispectral scanner data channels wavelength range 0.4-11.7 μm, acquired on July 16, 1971 for three flight lines, were analyzed by applying automatic pattern recognition techniques. same analysis performed August 12, over lines investigate effect time agriculture types. In...

A sample of 201 inner city dwelling children age 5.5 years was assessed on a wide variety cognitive, performance, neuropsychological and behavioural measures. Extensive sociodemographic family indices were also assessed. Body burden lead derived from venous blood. Data analysed using both univariate multivariate techniques. Results show that the initial correlations between blood outcome measures generally few low. No significant relationship found overall IQ one marginally association when...

Chaff is an Electronic counter measure used by the Air Force and Navy, to generate false target confuse enemy radar tracking. It comprises of large no. dipole different lengths scattered in atmosphere, forming a cloud. cloud has dynamic RCS whose value depends upon various factors for e.g. shape, size, orientation, length dipoles present chaff cloud, as well blooming radius spacing between them. Thus efficient study becomes very important. The paper deals with Monostatic analysis clouds...

The large variation in day and night temperature of Thar Desert area provides an opportunity to reduce fluctuations thermal discomfort inside temporary shelters buildings using phase change materials. Melting solidification lauric palmitic acid based multitransformation material (MTPCM) are tuned such a way that it melts during time solidifies passively throughout summer season area. However, the poor conductivity MTPCM (0.2 W m−1K−1) hampers its complete reversal from liquid solid with...

Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are being used in thermal energy storage systems because of their high density, and heat storage/release small temperature range near melting temperature. Such requirements compel to design develop materials with latent fusion for applications. This will rely on characterization understand properties as a function In this work, an experimental set-up is presented measuring the thermodynamic materials, such as, temperature-time response, fusion, specific solids...

Thermal properties of Acetamide (AM) – Benzoic acid (BA) and Phthalimide (PM) binary eutectic systems are theoretically calculated using thermodynamic principles. We found that the AM-BA at 67.6 : 32.4 molar ratio, BA-PM 89.7 10.3 ratio form mixtures with melting temperatures ~ 54.5 °C 114.3 respectively. Calculated latent heat fusion for these 191 kJ/kg 146.5 These fusions make them suitable thermal energy storage applications in solar water heating cooking systems.

In modern warfare scenario, chaff cloud consisting of millions small individual microwave scatterers, is used as a passiveelectronic countermeasure to rapidly create false target having Radar Cross Section (RCS) more than real target. RCS prediction by modeling and simulation complex phenomenon each scatterer has different resonating length, oriented randomly interact with other in form. Monostatic measurement the scenario also difficult size quite big shape are changing time. present paper,...

In this paper, monostatic RCS performance studies were carried out for metalized glass dipoles. modelling and simulationhas been array of dipoles which is followed by the measurement in anechoic chamber at 3-8 GHz. Good agreement simulations measurements has observed validates comparison criteria also application as chaff material.

Abstract In present days, H 2 is mainly produced via natural gas from thermochemical methods. The importance of renewable production has increased due to energy issues, global environmental, fossil fuel depletion, and pure hydrogen demand. Biogas anaerobic digestion or carbon-based waste fermentation It might be a substitute resource the creation hydrogen. Methane (CH 4 ) carbon dioxide (CO are two significant constituents biogas, these multipurpose feedstock materials for generation...

A brief description of the Exotech model 20C field spectroradiometer, which measures spectral radiance a target in wavelength ranges from 0.37 μm to 2.5 (short unit), 2.8 5.6 μm, and 7.0 14 (long unit) is given. It rugged instrument uses four circular-variable-filters get scan. Wavelength calibration long unit was done by use strong, sharp, accurately known absorption bands polystyrene, atmospheric carbon dioxide, methyl cyclohexane (liquid) ir region. The recording scans hot cold blackbody...