OBJECTIVE One-third of men with type 2 diabetes have hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect testosterone replacement on insulin resistance in and HH. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total 94 were recruited into study; 50 eugonadal, while 44 had Insulin sensitivity was calculated from glucose infusion rate (GIR) during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Lean body mass fat measured by DEXA MRI. Subcutaneous samples taken...

Abstract Context Dapagliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors are known to increase hematocrit, possibly due its diuretic effects hemoconcentration. Objective Since type 2 diabetes is a proinflammatory state since hepcidin, suppressor of erythropoiesis, increased in states, we investigated the possibility that dapagliflozin suppresses hepcidin concentrations thus increases erythropoiesis. Design Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Setting Single endocrinology center. Patients...

To investigate whether addition of three different doses liraglutide to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) results significant reduction glycemia, body weight, and dose.We randomized 72 (placebo = 18, 54) T1D receive placebo 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 mg daily for 12 weeks.In the 1.2-mg 1.8-mg groups, mean weekly average blood glucose was -0.55 ± 0.11 mmol/L (10 2 mg/dL) 0.05 mg/dL), respectively (P < 0.0001), while it remained unchanged 0.6-mg groups. In group, HbA1c fell significantly...

It is imperative that novel approaches to treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are devised.The objective the study was investigate whether addition dapagliflozin insulin and liraglutide results in a significant reduction glycemia body weight.This randomized clinical trial.The conducted at single academic medical center.Participants included T1D patients on therapy for least last 6 months.Thirty were (in 2:1 ratio) receive either 10 mg or placebo daily 12 weeks.Change mean glycated hemoglobin...

To investigate the effects of liraglutide treatment on glycaemic control and adipose tissue metabolism in overweight obese people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).A total 84 adult patients T1DM, no detectable C-peptide, were randomized (1:1) to either placebo or 1.8 mg/d for 6 months. Blood samples collected at 0, 12 26 weeks. Subcutaneous biopsies, a high-calorie high-fat meal challenge test, continuous glucose monitoring, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry MRI performed before end treatment.In...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether an insulin infusion exerts anti-inflammatory effect and the small amounts glucose results in oxidative inflammatory stress patients with type 1 diabetes. Ten diabetes were infused either 2 U/h 100 ml 5% dextrose/h or just dextrose (100 ml/h) physiological saline for 4 h after overnight fast on three separate days. Blood samples collected at 0, 2, 4, 6 h. Insulin led maintenance euglycemia a significant suppression reactive oxygen species...

As the syndrome of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is associated with anaemia and administration testosterone restores haematocrit to normal, we investigated potential underlying mechanisms.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.We measured basal serum concentrations erythropoietin, iron, iron binding capacity, transferrin (saturated unsaturated), ferritin hepcidin expression ferroportin receptor (TR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) 94 men type 2 diabetes....

Aims One-third of males with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have hypogonadism, characterized by low total and free testosterone concentrations. We hypothesized that this condition is associated a compensatory increase in the expression androgen receptors (AR) replacement reverses these changes. also measured estrogen receptor aromatase expression. Materials methods This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-two hypogonadal 32 eugonadal men T2DM were recruited. Hypogonadal to...

Abstract Background: Fiber intake is associated with a reduction in the occurrence of cardiovascular events and diabetes. Objective: To investigate whether addition fiber to high-fat, high-calorie (HFHC) meal prevents proinflammatory changes induced by HFHC meal. Design: Ten normal fasting subjects consumed an or without additional 30 g insoluble dietary on 2 separate visits. Blood samples were collected over 5 hours, mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolated. Results: significantly lowered glucose...

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 is an important stimulatory modulator of satellite cells in skeletal muscle. Satellite play a cardinal role muscle and repair. We evaluated whether expression FGF2 differentiation factors are reduced patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) testosterone replacement therapy results their restoration. This secondary analysis previously completed trial men type 2 diabetes HH. Clinical Research Center at university. Twenty-two HH 20 eugonadal were compared...

One-third of men with type 2 diabetes have subnormal testosterone concentrations along inappropriately normal LH and FSH concentrations. It is not known if the presence renal insufficiency affects free in diabetes.We hypothesized that diabetic chronic disease (CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) lower than function (eGFR ≥ m(2)).This a retrospective chart review patients attending nephrology clinics. Men who had following information available were...

Abstract Context Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) is a mediator of exercise-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Objective We evaluated whether AMPKα expression and phosphorylation are reduced muscle adipose tissue patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), testosterone replacement therapy results restoration the AMPKα. Design This secondary analysis previously completed trial that showed an insulin-sensitizing effect men type 2 diabetes HH. Setting...

To investigate the mechanisms underlying improvements in blood pressure (BP) and congestive heart failure outcomes following treatment with dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor.A total of 52 patients type 2 diabetes (T2D) an HbA1c less than 8% participated this prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized (1:1) to either dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for 12 weeks. Half also monitored 6 h their first dose acute effects on BP. Blood...

In view of the occurrence diabetic ketoacidosis associated with use sodium‐glucose transport protein‐2 inhibitors in patients type 1 diabetes ( T1DM ) and relative absence this complication treated liraglutide spite reductions insulin doses, we investigated effect on ketogenesis. Twenty‐six inadequately controlled were randomly divided into 2 groups 13 each. After an overnight fast, injected, subcutaneously, either 1.8 mg or placebo. They maintained their basal infusion followed up our...

In view of the known vasodilatory effects glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and exenatide, we investigated exenatide on vasoactive factors. We analysed blood samples mononuclear cells ( MNCs ) from a previous study, collected after single dose 12 weeks or placebo treatment in series 24 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. After treatment, plasma concentrations atrial natriuretic peptide, cyclic guanyl monophosphate cGMP adenyl increased significantly at weeks. Plasma adenylate cyclase expression...

This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, GLP-1 concentrations. Ten healthy normal subjects were given either 910-calorie HFHC or American Heart Association (AHA) rich fruit fiber during the first visit other second crossover design. Blood samples collected at...

Summary We conducted a randomised trial comparing lidocaine 2% gel with proparacaine 0.5% eye drops in children having elective squint surgery. One hundred and forty aged between 3 14 years were recruited. The requirement for intra‐operative fentanyl postoperative ibuprofen was significantly less the group compared (1 (1.7%) vs 12 (18.5%), p = 0.002 16 (27.6%) 38 (58.5%), 0.001, respectively). incidence of nausea vomiting (6 (10.3%) (24.6%), 0.04). There no differences groups terms severity...

Background and Hypothesis . Following our recent demonstration that the chronic inflammatory insulin resistant state of obesity is associated with an increase in expression mediators known to contribute pathogenesis asthma weight loss after gastric bypass surgery results reduction these genes, we have now hypothesized suppresses cellular plasma concentrations mediators. Methods The IL-4, LIGHT, LTBR, ADAM-33, TSLP MNC TGF- β 1, MMP-9, MCP-1, TSLP, NOM obese patients T2DM were measured...

We previously demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of exenatide. now hypothesized that exenatide also increases plasma concentration interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), an endogenous protein, modulates nuclear factor erythroid 2‒related factor‒Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1‒antioxidant response element (Nrf-2‒Keap-1‒ARE) system to induce key enzymes suppress inflammatory oxidative stress. Twenty-four patients with obesity type 2 diabetes receiving combined...

One-third of men with type 2 diabetes have subnormal free testosterone concentrations. We evaluated the following: (i) whether bone mineral density (BMD) and strength are affected by gonadal status in (ii) effect replacement on markers osteoblast osteoclast activity.This is a secondary analysis previously completed, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-four were recruited; 44 had Men concentrations randomized to receive intramuscular injections or placebo every weeks for 22 weeks....

We report the case of a 54-year-old Caucasian female who presented with two-year history persistent hypocalcemia requiring multiple hospitalizations. Her medical was significant for HIV diagnosed four years ago. She denied any prior neck surgery or radiation. vital signs were stable an unremarkable physical exam. Pertinent medications included calcium carbonate, vitamin D3, calcitriol, efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil, hydrochlorothiazide, and inhaled budesonide/formoterol....