p-Type metal-oxide hole transport layer (HTL) suppresses recombination at the anode and hence improves organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance. While NiOx has been shown to exhibit good HTL performance, very thin films (<10 nm) are needed due its poor conductivity high absorption. To overcome these limitations, we utilize CuGaO2, a p-type transparent conducting oxide, as for OPV devices. Pure delafossite phase CuGaO2 nanoplates synthesized via microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction...

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is one of a growing number enzymes shown to contain post-translationally modified cysteine sulfenic acids (Cys-SOH). Cysteine have been play diverse roles in cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and the regulation oxygen metabolism oxidative stress responses. The function acid coordinated iron active site NHase unknown. Herein we report first example sulfenate-ligated complex, [FeIII(ADIT)(ADIT-O)]+ (5), compare its...

Through thickness and applied bias variation, charge collection in poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices was investigated with impedance spectroscopy. An equivalent circuit model incorporating chemical capacitance (Cμ), recombination resistance (R2), transport (R1) used to analyze the results. Insufficient carrier extraction, exhibiting diffusion characteristics at high frequencies, found a thick...

Physical science relies on measurement, but what if measurements cannot be trusted? Capacitance spectroscopy, a common technique for studying defects in inorganic devices, has been adapted to probe organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs), yet without careful examination of its validity. The authors discuss conditions relevant OPVs and show artifacts---including fictitious spurious energy shifts---resulting from the low carrier mobility materials. These findings will help advance OPV technology,...

The performance of hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells is investigated using one-dimensional drift-diffusion device simulations. We study the effects interfacial defect density, doping concentration, and electronic level positions charge transport layer (CTL). Choosing CTLs with a favorable band alignment, rather than passivating CTL-perovskite defects, shown to be beneficial for maintaining high power-conversion efficiency, due reduced minority carrier density...

Substrates can significantly affect the electronic properties of organic semiconductors. In this paper, we report effects contact-induced doping, arising from charge transfer between a high work function hole extraction layer (HEL) and active layer, on photovoltaic device performance. Employing HEL is found to increase doping in decrease photocurrent. Combined experimental modeling investigations reveal that higher increases polaron-exciton quenching carrier recombination within field-free...

Removing the baseline from spectra, which are measured by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), is an important preprocessing step for further spectra analysis such as quantitative and qualitative analysis. An automatic correction method named iterative averaging, based on basic knowledge of moving average, presented. We also compared it to other methods, rubber band, adaptive reweight penalized least squares, morphological weighted using simulated experimental with different...

Fullerene-based organic solar cells with only a minute amount of donor show substantial photocurrent while maintaining large open-circuit voltage. At low concentrations the is fully dispersed within fullerene and no percolation pathways holes toward anode exist; this morphology in contrast to bulk-heterojunction donor:acceptor blends where for both electrons are present their respective transport phases. Therefore, question how contribute arises. Here we demonstrate that readily explained by...

The syntheses and structures of three new coordinatively unsaturated, monomeric, square-pyramidal thiolate-ligated Fe(III) complexes are described, [FeIII((tame-N3)S2Me2)]+ (1), [FeIII(Et-N2S2Me2)(py)]1− (3), [FeIII((tame-N2S)S2Me2)]2− (15). anionic bis-carboxamide, tris-thiolate N2S3 coordination sphere 15 is potentially similar to that the yet-to-be characterized unmodified form NHase. Comparison magnetic reactivity properties these reveals how charge build up (from cationic 1 3 dianionic...

The performance of fullerene-based organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) with low donor concentrations is not limited by the trade-off between short-circuit current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc), unlike bulk heterojunction OPVs. While high Voc in this novel type OPVs has been studied, here we investigate mechanisms that govern Jsc, which are well understood. Three mechanisms, diffusion exciton relaxation, geminate recombination during dissociation, nongeminate charge transport,...

To assess a new method of processing quantitative nerve fiber layer (NFL) measurement data to distinguish between eyes with glaucoma varying severity and normal eyes, using information obtained by scanning laser polarimetry.Scanning polarimetry measurements the peripapillary NFL within 10-pixel band located 1.8 disc diameters from concentric margin were 36 69 glaucoma, 7 suspected being glaucomatous, 19 ocular hypertension. These values then examined "modulation" parameters in which average...

Purpose To assess the correlation between results of peripapillary scanning laser polarimetry retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) and automated visual field testing in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Methods Visual fields from 42 varying stages glaucoma were scored using Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) criteria. Mean deviation, pattern standard CIGTS total hemifield scores correlated NFL thickness measured by summed, ratio-based, modulation parameters. Results deviation...

Doping in an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device can largely impact its performance. In this work, it is discovered that n‐type electrical doping the poly(3‐hexylthiophene):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester active layer be induced by a certain electron transport (ETL), particularly branched polyethylenimine (PEI). Consequently, OPV devices with different ETLs exhibit dramatically current density–voltage behaviors and external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra. Using drift‐diffusion...

The importance of nongeminate recombination free photogenerated carriers through charge-transfer (CT) states compared with at the electrode interfaces in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices was investigated using impedance spectroscopy (IS) and low-energy external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurement. Thin (∼60 nm) poly(di(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-co-octylthieno[3,4-c] pyrrole-4,6-dione):[6,6]-phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester...

We performed frequency-modulated (AC) and steady-state (DC) surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) measurements on a bilayer structure consisting of an organic semiconductor (P3HT, P3HT:PC61BM, or PFBT2Se2Th:PC71BM) top ZnO electron-transport layer. The AC spectra overlap with the absorption layer, providing evidence that SPS corresponds to band-to-band transitions. DC are generally broader than spectra, responses extended below edge. Thus, also probes transitions between band states trap...

Reducing nongeminate recombination (NGR) will provide a major boost to the performance of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. It is therefore critical identify dominant factor(s) that determines NGR. While substantial research effects have been made and various factors considered, determining factor has not ascertained. After comprehensively evaluating impact deep defect states, donor–acceptor interfacial area, mobility, here we demonstrate structural order NGR in...

Chiral materials that possess circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) functionality along with up- and down-conversion properties present promising research opportunities. However, achieving simultaneously exhibit high emission efficiency...