Maternal deprivation can trigger long-lasting molecular and cellular modifications in brain functions might facilitate the appearance of pathogenic behaviors. This study focuses on vulnerability to develop morphine dependence adult rats that were separated from their mother littermates for 3 h per day 14 d after birth examines adaptive changes enkephalinergic pathways. Place-preference conditioning was observed with 2 mg/kg deprived rats, whereas 5 necessary induce nondeprived animals. A...

Objective: Fibromyalgia (FM) has been related to biochemical alterations, central pain sensitization and psychological distress.Among genetic environmental hypotheses, a role was suggested for catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT), modulator in the metabolism of monoaminergic neurotransmitters.Method: This study compared COMT Val158Met enzyme polymorphism (rs4680) 198 FM patients 99 pain-free controls.Psychological functional aspects were assessed through investigating anxiety, depression,...

Background and Aims Compounds that act on GABA-receptors produce anti-hyperalgesia in animal models, but little is known their effects humans. The aim of this study was to explore the potential usefulness GABA-agonism for control pain Two agonists at benzodiazepine-binding site GABAA-receptors (clobazam clonazepam) were studied using multiple experimental tests. Positive results would support further investigation GABA agonism clinical pain. Methods In a randomized double-blind crossover...

Importance Sudden cardiac death is a leading cause of mortality in psychiatric patients. Long QT (LQT) common this population and predisposes to Torsades-de-Pointes (TdP) subsequent mortality. Objective To estimate the cost-effectiveness electrocardiographic screening detect LQT inpatients. Design, Setting, Participants We built decision analytic model based on tree evaluate utility from health care perspective. proportion parameters were derived an in-hospital cross-sectional study....

Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) occurs frequently and is a well-known risk factor for adverse drug events, but its incidence underestimated in internal medicine. The objective of this study was to develop an electronic prescription-screening checklist assist residents young healthcare professionals PIM detection.Five-step involving selection medical domains, literature review 17 semistructured interviews, two-round Delphi survey, forward/back-translation process tool...

Cytochromes from the P450 family (CYP) play a central role in primary metabolism of frequently prescribed antidepressants, potentially affecting their efficacy and tolerance. There are however important differences drug metabolic capacities each individual resulting combination intrinsic environmental factors. This variability can present an risk for patients increases difficulty prescription clinical practice. Pharmacogenetic studies have uncovered number alleles defining metabolizer...

In Brief Positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors (GAMs) acting at specific subtypes effectively restore compromised spinal pain control in rodents. Studies addressing a similar antihyperalgesic effect humans are sparse and hampered by sedative effects nonselective GAMs available for use humans. We present results from randomized controlled double-blind crossover study 25 healthy volunteers, which addressed potential actions clobazam (CBZ) clonazepam (CLN) mildly sedating...

Data from genetically modified mice suggest that benzodiazepine (BDZ)-site agonists with improved selectivity for α2-subtype GABAA receptors (α2GABAAR) are potentially useful the treatment of neuropathic pain. Subtype-selective compounds available preclinical tests in rodents support this concept but have not been approved human use, hindering proof-of-concept studies patients. We recently proposed N-desmethyl clobazam (NDMC), main metabolite licensed BDZ (CBZ), is responsible most...

Pharmacokinetic variability is a major source of differences in drug response and can be due to genetic variants and/or drug-drug interactions. Cytochromes P450 are among the most studied enzymes from pharmacokinetic point view. Their activity measured by phenotyping, predicted genotyping. Depending on presence drugs diseases that affect their vivo activity, both approaches complementary. In 2014, Geneva cocktail using dried blood spots was validated healthy volunteers for CYP450...

The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine is removed from lymphocytes by the drug efflux transporter Pglycoprotein (P-gp) encoded ABCB1 gene for which several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified. Of a total of 87 healthy volunteers genotyped G2677T/A and C3435T SNPs, 10 GG-CC 9 TTTT individuals were selected received oral dose cyclosporine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA expression, P-gp activity in CD4+ CD8+ cells 24h pharmacokinetics PBMCs whole...

Rebound cholinergic syndrome is a rare, but well known unwanted phenomenon occurring after abrupt clozapine discontinuation. There have been previous reported cases of rebound in the literature; however, these reports described following cessation high doses patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Here, we report case and catatonia male patient three days discontinuation 50 mg prescribed for type I bipolar affective disorder. A 66-year old Spanish origin, treated disorder 15 years Crohn...

Aneurysms of the azygos vein are often asymptomatic, detected on a chest radiograph simulating paratracheal mass. When aneurysm is totally thrombosed, it impossible to distinguish from another cause mediastinal A case presented in which partial thrombosis and communication with superior vena cava led diagnosis angiography CT.

Various movement disorders such as dystonia may acutely develop during or at emergence from general anaesthesia in patients with without pre-existing Parkinson disease. These movements are triggered by a variety of drugs including propofol, sevoflurane, anti-emetics, antipsychotics and opioids. The postulated mechanism involves an imbalance between dopaminergic cholinergic neurotransmitters the basal ganglia. We report acute, severe generalised dystonic reaction otherwise healthy woman...

A 61-year-old patient with alcohol use disorder (AUD) was referred for suspicion of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). He had incurred three road accidents attributed to sleepiness over the previous year, shortly after initiation high-dose (100 mg b.i.d.) treatment baclofen, a molecule increasingly used in management AUD. Polysomnography revealed severe central SAS (CSAS) an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 81.6/h. Baclofen suggested as possible cause CSAS, and its withdrawal, second polysomnography...

Since the endocannabinoid system is involved in immune function, effect of cannabinoid intake on infectious conditions questioned for several years and particular interest COVID 19 pandemia. Some data suggest that immunomodulatory cannabinoids may affect course severity SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given large number consumers community, this commentary presents current knowledge potential impact endocannabinoids bacterial viral infection courses namely disease. Practical recommendations, which can...