A5087766149- Climate change and permafrost
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Bryophyte Studies and Records
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Rangeland and Wildlife Management
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Climate variability and models
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
2016-2025
NILU
2015-2025
The FRAM Centre
2016-2025
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
1999-2024
Medical College of Wisconsin
2003
Summary 1. The Arctic is experiencing considerable change in climate, particularly winter, and a greater frequency of extreme climatic events expected. However, the impacts winter climate have received far less attention than season‐long summer warming. Here we report findings from observations following natural event experimental studies to show that short (<10 days) warming can cause major damage sub‐Arctic plant communities at landscape scales. 2. In observations, were assessed an...
NOAA's recent assessment of Arctic greenness has reported a remarkable finding: the is browning (Epstein et al., 2015). Whilst clear greening trend been apparent for most satellite record's 33 year history (indicating an increase in biomass and productivity), there now overall decline from 2011 to 2014. If this new direction travel arctic vegetation, rather than just temporary departure long-term greening, major implications not only our understanding future but also carbon, nutrient water...
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide maps soil bioclimatic variables a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 5-15 cm depth. were created by calculating difference (i.e. offset) between situ measurements, based time...
Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start end, plant access to nutrients. Here, we review current knowledge snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost microbial processes, biogeochemical cycling. We compare studies natural gradients with experimental manipulation assess time scale difference...
Abstract Extreme weather events can have negative impacts on species survival and community structure when surpassing lethal thresholds. winter warming in the A rctic rapidly melt snow expose ecosystems to unseasonably warm air (2–10 °C for 2–14 days), but returning cold climate exposes ecosystem lower temperatures by loss of insulating snow. Soil animals, which play an integral part soil processes, may be very susceptible such depending intensity low following these events. We simulated...
Abstract Climate change scenarios predict an increased frequency of extreme climatic events. In Arctic regions, one the most profound these are and sudden winter warming events in which temperatures increase rapidly to above freezing, often causing snow melt across whole landscapes exposure ecosystems warm temperatures. Following warming, vegetation soils no longer insulated below then exposed returning cold. Using a new experimental facility established sub‐Arctic dwarf shrub heathland...
Abstract Extreme weather events can have strong negative impacts on species survival and community structure when surpassing lethal thresholds. Extreme, short‐lived, winter warming in the Arctic rapidly melt snow expose ecosystems to unseasonably warm air (for instance, 2–10 °C for 2–14 days) but upon return normal climate exposes ecosystem much colder temperatures due loss of insulating snow. Single been shown reduce plant reproduction increase shoot mortality, multiple are little...
The subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record environmental ecosystem observations from area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation include not only increases in growth range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, stability: all three possible responses. Changes species composition within major plant communities ranged between...
Abstract In recent years extreme winter warming events have been reported in arctic areas. These are characterized as extraordinarily warm weather episodes, occasionally combined with intense rainfall, causing ecological disturbance and challenges for societies infrastructure. Ground-ice formation due to rain or melting prevents ungulates from grazing, leads vegetation browning, impacts soil temperatures. The authors analyze changes frequency intensity of the Nordic region—northern Norway,...
The release of cold temperature constraints on photosynthesis has led to increased productivity (greening) in significant parts (32–39%) the Arctic, but much Arctic shows stable (57–64%) or reduced (browning, <4%). Summer drought and wildfires are best-documented drivers causing browning continental areas, factors dampening greening effect more maritime regions have remained elusive. Here we show how multiple anomalous weather events severely affected terrestrial during one water year...
Summary We studied the evolutionary history of Parmeliaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), one largest families lichen‐forming fungi with complex and variable morphologies, also including several lichenicolous fungi. assembled a six‐locus data set nuclear, mitochondrial low‐copy protein‐coding genes from 293 operational taxonomic units ( OTU s). The lifestyle originated independently three times in lichenized ancestors within Parmeliaceae, new generic name is introduced for these In all...
The global distribution of vegetation is largely determined by climatic conditions and feeds back into the climate system. To predict future changes in response to change, it crucial identify understand key patterns processes that couple climate. Dynamic models (DGVMs) have been widely applied describe types their dynamics change. As a process-based approach, partly relies on hard-coded thresholds constrain vegetation. What implement DGVMs how replace them with more descriptions remain among...
Arctic ecosystems are experiencing extreme climatic, biotic and physical disturbance events that can cause substantial loss of plant biomass productivity, sometimes at scales >1000 km 2 . Collectively known as browning events, these key contributors to the spatial temporal complexity greening vegetation dynamics. If we properly understand future terrestrial ecosystems, their feedbacks climate, understanding is essential. Here bring together in compare impacts rates recovery, likely...
ABSTRACT Scientific studies of challenges climate change could be improved by including other sources knowledge, such as traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), in this case relating to the Sámi. This study focuses on local variations snow and ice conditions, effects first durable snow, long term changes conditions pre-requisites for understanding potential future changes. Firstly, we characterised types profiles based Sámi categories measured their density hardness. Regression analysis...
Insulation provided by snow cover and tolerance of freezing physiological acclimation allows Arctic plants to survive cold winter temperatures. However, both the protection mechanisms may be lost with climate change, especially during extreme warming events where loss from melt results in exposure warm temperatures then returning absence insulating snow. These cause considerable damage plants, but responses behind such remain unknown. Here, we report simulations using infrared heating lamps...
Summary 1. Climate change in northern high latitudes is predicted to be greater winter rather than summer, yet little known about the effects of climate on ecosystems. Among unknowns are an increasing frequency acute, short‐lasting warming events. Such events can damage higher plants exposed warm, then returning cold, temperatures after snow melt, and it not how bryophytes lichens, which considerable ecological importance high‐latitude ecosystems, affected by such However, even physiological...
Abstract Extreme climatic events are among the drivers of recent declines in plant biomass and productivity observed across Arctic ecosystems, known as “Arctic browning.” These can cause landscape‐scale vegetation damage so likely to have major impacts on ecosystem CO 2 balance. However, there is little understanding fluxes, especially growing season. Furthermore, while widespread shoot mortality commonly with browning events, observations show that stress responses also common, manifest...