Juha Aalto
A5050743333- Climate change and permafrost
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Landslides and related hazards
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Forest Management and Policy
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Forest ecology and management
- Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
Finnish Meteorological Institute
2015-2024
University of Helsinki
2015-2024
Natural Resources Institute Finland
2016
University of Oulu
2013
Rainfall is one the main drivers of soil erosion. The erosive force rainfall expressed as erosivity. erosivity considers amount and intensity, most commonly R-factor in USLE model its revised version, RUSLE. At national continental levels, scarce availability data obliges erosion modellers to estimate this factor based on with only low temporal resolution (daily, monthly, annual averages). purpose study assess Europe form RUSLE R-factor, best available datasets. Data have been collected from...
Abstract Degradation of near-surface permafrost can pose a serious threat to the utilization natural resources, and sustainable development Arctic communities. Here we identify at unprecedentedly high spatial resolution infrastructure hazard areas in Northern Hemisphere’s regions under projected climatic changes quantify fundamental engineering structures risk by 2050. We show that nearly four million people 70% current domain are with potential for thaw permafrost. Our results demonstrate...
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide maps soil bioclimatic variables a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 5-15 cm depth. were created by calculating difference (i.e. offset) between situ measurements, based time...
Rainfall erosivity as a dynamic factor of soil loss by water erosion is modelled intra-annually for the first time at European scale. The development Erosivity Database Scale (REDES) and its 2015 update with extension to monthly component allowed develop seasonal R-factor maps assess rainfall both spatially temporally. During winter months, significant present only in part Mediterranean countries. A sudden increase occurs major Union (except basin, western Britain Ireland) May highest values...
Abstract Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This represents long‐term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate‐forcing factors that operate fine spatiotemporal are overlooked. is particularly important relation to effects observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow soil characteristics) habitats varying their exposure...
Abstract The regional variability in tundra and boreal carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fluxes can be high, complicating efforts to quantify sink‐source patterns across the entire region. Statistical models are increasingly used predict (i.e., upscale) CO large spatial domains, but reliability of different modeling techniques, each with specifications assumptions, has not been assessed detail. Here, we compile eddy covariance chamber measurements annual growing season gross primary productivity (GPP),...
Abstract. Monitoring the thermal state of permafrost (TSP) is important in many environmental science and engineering applications. However, such data are generally unavailable, mainly due to lack ground observations uncertainty traditional physical models. This study produces novel datasets for Northern Hemisphere (NH), including predictions mean annual temperature (MAGT) at depth zero amplitude (DZAA) (approximately 3 25 m) active layer thickness (ALT) with 1 km resolution period...
Abstract. In recent years, the pan-Arctic region has experienced increasingly extreme fire seasons. Fires in northern high latitudes are driven by current and future climate change, lightning, fuel conditions, human activity. this context, conceptualizing parameterizing Arctic regimes will be important for land management as well understanding predicting emissions. The objectives of review were policy questions identified Monitoring Assessment Programme (AMAP) Working Group posed to its...
Ecological research heavily relies on coarse-gridded climate data based standardized temperature measurements recorded at 2 m height in open landscapes. However, many organisms experience environmental conditions that differ substantially from those captured by these macroclimatic (i.e. free air) grids. In forests, the tree canopy functions as a thermal insulator and buffers sub-canopy microclimatic conditions, thereby affecting biological ecological processes. To improve assessment of...
Abstract Brief introduction: What are microclimates and why they important? Microclimate science has developed into a global discipline. is increasingly used to understand mitigate climate biodiversity shifts. Here, we provide an overview of the current status microclimate ecology biogeography in terrestrial ecosystems, where this field heading next. investigations We highlight latest research on interactions between organisms, including how influence individuals, through them populations,...
Abstract Long‐term time series of key climate variables with a relevant spatiotemporal resolution are essential for environmental science. Moreover, such spatially continuous data, based on weather observations, commonly used in, e.g., downscaling and bias correcting model simulations. Here we conducted comprehensive spatial interpolation scheme where seven (daily mean, maximum, minimum surface air temperatures, daily precipitation sum, relative humidity, sea level pressure, snow depth) were...
Abstract Mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and active layer thickness (ALT) are key to understanding the evolution of thermal state across Arctic under climate change. Here a statistical modeling approach is presented forecast current future circum‐Arctic MAGT ALT in relation climatic local environmental factors, at spatial scales unreachable with contemporary transient modeling. After deploying an ensemble multiple techniques, distance‐blocked cross validation between observations...
Abstract Aim Although species distribution models (SDMs) traditionally link occurrences to free‐air temperature data at coarse spatio‐temporal resolution, the of organisms might instead be driven by temperatures more proximal their habitats. Several solutions are currently available, such as downscaled or interpolated coarse‐grained temperatures, satellite‐measured land surface (LST) in‐situ‐measured soil temperatures. A comprehensive comparison sources and performance in SDMs is, however,...
Shifts in precipitation regimes are an inherent component of climate change, but low-energy systems often assumed to be less important than changes temperature. Because soil moisture is the hydrological variable most proximally linked plant performance during growing season arctic-alpine habitats, it may offer useful perspective on influence vegetation. Here we quantify for multiple vegetation properties at fine spatial scales, determine potential importance under changing climatic...
Soil temperature and moisture are key determinants of abiotic biotic processes in arctic-alpine regions. They important links to understanding complex ecosystem dynamics under changing climate. The aims this study were (1) quantify fine-scale soil variation, (2) assess the influence vegetation on patterns a northern European environment. Inclusion variables significantly improved models moisture, despite (local topography properties) being most influential predictors. Temperature varied by...
Abstract Ongoing climate change is causing fundamental changes in the Arctic, some of which can be hazardous to nature and human activity. In context Earth surface systems, warming may lead rising ground temperatures thaw permafrost. This Data Descriptor presents circumpolar permafrost maps geohazard indices depicting zones varying potential for development hazards related near-surface degradation, such as subsidence. Statistical models were used predict temperature thickness seasonally...
Snow conditions in high‐latitude regions are changing response to climate warming, and these changes likely accelerate as the warming proceeds. Here, we analyse daily gridded snow depth, temperature precipitation data from Finland over period 1961–2014 discover ongoing monthly average depths (SN) several snow‐related indices. Our results indicate that regional differences of can be relatively large, even within such a small district Finland. Moreover, interannual variation various indices...
Abstract In the tundra, woody plants are dispersing towards higher latitudes and altitudes due to increasingly favourable climatic conditions. The coverage height of increasing, which may influence soils tundra ecosystem. Here, we use structural equation modelling analyse 171 study plots examine if affect growing-season topsoil moisture temperature (< 10 cm) as well soil organic carbon stocks 80 cm). our setting, consider hierarchy ecosystem by controlling for other factors, such...
Microclimate research gained renewed interest over the last decade and its importance for many ecological processes is increasingly being recognized. Consequently, call high-resolution microclimatic temperature grids across broad spatial extents becoming more pressing to improve models. Here, we provide a new set of open-access bioclimatic variables microclimate temperatures European forests at 25 × m2 resolution.