Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEN) were investigated in wheat from the 2009 2010 crop years. Samples (n = 745) commercial fields collected four producing regions (WPR) which differed weather conditions. Analyses performed using HPLC-DAD. Contamination with ZEN, DON NIV occurred 56, 86 50%, respectively. Also, mean concentrations different: 1046 µg kg(-1), < 100 kg(-1) ZEN 82 kg(-1). Co-occurrence of was observed 74% samples 12% 2010. Wet/cold...

Wheat bran is an important source for human and animal feed. Its nutritional aspects include a high content of fibre minerals, as well phenolic compounds that help prevent chronic diseases. However, wheat can be susceptible to contamination by fungus, which produce mycotoxins such deoxynivalenol (DON) zearalenone (ZEN), causing adverse health effects. Therefore, methods should developed reduce possible contamination. Ozone used this purpose it considered safe environmental friendly. The aim...

Peanut skin, which is removed in the peanut blanching process, rich bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The aims of this study were to measure skins and evaluate effect gamma radiation on their activity. skin samples treated 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 kGy rays. Total phenolics, condensed tannins, total flavonoids, activity evaluated. Extracts obtained from added refined-bleached-deodorized (RBD) soybean oil. oxidative stability oil was determined using Oil Stability Index method...

This survey evaluated the presence of AFM1 in human urine samples from a specific Brazilian population, as well corn, peanut, and milk consumption measured by two types food inquiry. Urine donors who live city Piracicaba, State São Paulo, Brazil were analyzed to detect aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), an B1 metabolite, which may be used exposure biomarker. The analysis was performed using immunoaffinity clean-up detection high-performance-liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector. A total 69 45...

Efficient detection of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 has been performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a UV-absorbing ionic liquid matrix to obtain "matrix-free" spectra addition NaCl enhance sensitivity via Na+ cationization. Using α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (Et3N−α-CHCA) as the matrix, matrix-free in m/z range interest are acquired, readily detected with an LOD low 50 fmol. The technique is fast, requires little sample preparation...

In-shell, peeled and blanched peanut samples were characterized in relation to proximate composition fatty acid profile. No difference was found its composition. The three major acids palmitic acid, oleic linoleic acid. In order investigate irradiation storage effects, submitted doses of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 kGy, stored for six months at room temperature monitored every months. Peanuts responded differently irradiation, particularly with regards tocopherol contents, primary secondary...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction on levels mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in whole wheat flour (WWF) with different moisture levels, wet milling effluent through ozone (O3) processing, as well impact ozonation rheological properties flour. results have shown that DON improved increasing and exposure time WWF ozone. maximum about 80%, proving is an effective promising technology reducing mycotoxins products. However, process altered profile WWF. Therefore, further...

Abstract BACKGROUND Maize is one of the most important cereals. It used for different purposes and in industries worldwide. This cereal prone to contamination with mycotoxins, such as zearalenone (ZEN), which produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum , F. culmorum equiseti . Toxin production under highly moist conditions (aw &gt; 0.95) exacerbated if there are alternations between low temperatures (12–14 °C) high (25–28 °C). Even good practices adopted, mycotoxins can be found several stages...

Abstract Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has been nutritionally highlighted when compared to other grains. In recent years the research on this pseudocereal increased. work, six samples were studied: three from Peru, one Brazil and two commercial samples. The physically physicochemically characterized, including macro- micronutrient analysis, phenolic compounds content antioxidant activity. Black, red white showed as main difference size, weight, ashes dietary fibre content. Black...

Peanut samples were irradiated (0.0, 5.2, 7.2 or 10.0 kGy), stored for a year (room temperature) and examined every three months. Mycotoxic fungi (MF) detected in non-irradiated blanched peanuts. A dose of 5.2 kGy was found suitable to prevent MF growth samples. No in-shell peanuts, with without irradiation. The colors the control were, respectively, 44.72 60.21 (L *); 25.20 20.38 (Chroma); 53.05 86.46 (°Hue). water activities (Aw) 0.673 0.425. corresponding fatty acids 13.33% 12.14%...

A total of 635 raw milk samples from 45 dairy farms, three regions São Paulo state - Brazil, were evaluated during 15 months for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). AFM1 was determined by high performance liquid chromatograph with fluorescence detection. detected (>0.003 µg kg(-1)) in 72.9%, 56.3% and 27.5% the Bauru, Araçatuba Vale do Paraíba regions, respectively. The mean contamination considering all 0.021 kg(-1). Furthermore, concentration quite different among Bauru (0.038 kg(-1)), (0.017 (<0.01...

A distribuição de tamanho dos grânulos influencia diretamente a composição química do amido, afetando sua funcionalidade, características gelatinização, susceptibilidade enzimática, e cristalinidade. Os amido trigo possuem bimodal são divididos em tipo (10-40 µm) B (<10 µm). Neste trabalho amidos obtidos quatro diferentes cultivares foram isolados fracionados por tamanho. Amidos tamanhos analisados quanto ao teor lisofosfolipídeos amilose, difração raios-X, microscopia eletrônica varredura,...

A fusariose, também conhecida como giberela é uma doença importante, causada principalmente pelo fungo Fusarium graminearum, que afeta de forma generalizada as regiões produtoras trigo do Brasil e dos principais países qual o produto importado. Além danos diretos causados pela doença, os grãos infectados podem ser tóxicos para homem animais devido à presença micotoxinas especialmente desoxinivalenol (DON). contaminação com DON foi avaliada em 100 amostras trigo, sendo 50 nacional...

Few studies have addressed the distribution of mycotoxins in soybean and/or their processing fractions. In this study, samples from commercial lots were collected four Brazilian states. The fractions, according to grading system, namely whole kernels (WK), split, broken and crushed (SBCK), damaged (DK), heat burned (HDBK), moldy (MK), greenish (GK), foreign material + impurities (FMI), analyzed using HPLC-FLD. AFB1 ZEN tested positive 43.3 80%, respectively. incidence was higher MK (50%),...

Free gossypol is a toxic compound which naturally occurs in cottonseed and its derivates, affecting animal possibly human health. Consequently, alternatives for destruction must be evaluated. This work evaluated the emerging technology of ozone processing free meal. Ozonation was carried out actual meal also model system, designed to describe involved mode action. The system consisted glass pearls beads covered with gossypol. performed two ways: as static process, i.e., without homogenising...

Abstract Ozone is used in grains to guarantee mycotoxin degradation, microbial inactivation, and insect disinfestation. However, its oxidizing properties can promote changes the grain constituents, affecting both product process behavior. Even so, effect of ozone processing on quality their process, was rarely studied. Consequently, this work studied impact ozonation hydration kinetics selected nutritional Adzuki beans ( Vigna angularis ). As reactiveness increases at high moistures, three...

Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus on a number of agricultural commodities. This research was carried out to evaluate the ability thermolysed active Saccharomyces cerevisiae attenuate liver damage caused aflatoxin. Diets were prepared containing 0 aflatoxin; 400 mug kg-1 aflatoxin plus 1% dehydrated yeast, yeast. A bioassay with Wistar rats conducted for 28 days, body organs weighted analyses tissue animals performed. The relative weight...

The results of the black light test for aflatoxin‐contaminated maize carried out in a large food factory State São Paulo was evaluated against bidirectional thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis 286 samples maize. All were accepted by (< 7 fluorescent points), however, from TLC showed that 96 contaminated and 14 aflatoxin B1 contamination levels higher than 20 μg/ kg. There false negative no positives samples, six did not show visible points. If rejection criterion one or more points...

Propionic acid (ammonium salt) at 3000 mg/kg (PA1) and 5000 (PA2) of unshelled peanuts (UP); grapefruit seed extract (GF1) 10,000 (GF2); sodium orthophenylphenate 2500 (SOP1) (SOP2); thiabendazole 1000 (TBZ1) (TBZ2) were studied in the laboratory, to verify their efficiency controlling fungal growth aflatoxin (AF) production on moist UP (16-18% moisture content). Moist put into polyethylene bags with cotton plugs incubated 30 +/- 2 degrees C for 28 days. Treatments considered efficient when...