Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite membranes blended with nano-crystalline cellulose (NCC) for ultrafiltration were prepared by a Loeb–Sourirajan (L–S) phase inversion process. The effects of NCC concentration on the membrane performances investigated. Surface chemical compositions, surface and cross-section morphologies, degree crystallinity thermal stability characterized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD)...

In this work an optimization of the solvent-free acetylation cellulose with acetic anhydride under microwave heating iodine as a catalyst was performed. The optimized parameters included irradiation power from 300 W to 800 W, reaction time between 5 40 min, temperature 80 130 °C, and amount 1 15 mol%. extent measured by yield degree substitution (DS), which determined back-titration method. Acetylated characterized FT-IR, CP/MAS 13C-NMR, WRXD, thermogravimetric analysis. results showed that...

Polyethersulfone (PES) is a common material used for ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, which has good chemical resistance, high mechanical properties, and wide temperature tolerances. The hydrophobic property of the PES membrane seriously limits its application. Cellulose fibrils are composed micro-sized nano-sized elements, have hydrophilicity, strength, biodegradation. A composite was prepared by phase inversion induced an immersion process. characteristics were investigated with Fourier...

Abstract 3‐Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) was used to modify the surface of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) improve interfacial adhesion between hydrophilic CNF and hydrophobic poly(lactic acid) (PLA). MEMO modified (M‐CNF) were characterized by means Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscope (AFM). Testing thin films with good transparency obtained casting DMAC solutions composites onto glass plates evaporating solvent...

Lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCN) and cellulose (CNF) are popular nanometer additives to improve mechanical properties hydrophilic abilities; moreover, lignocellulose has potential as a natural adhesion promoter in fiber-reinforced composites. LCN CNF were blended into polysulfone (PSF) prepare ultrafiltration membranes via the phase inversion method. These characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy transmission electron microscopy, rheological such shear viscosity non-Newtonian...

Cellulose (8%) can be dissolved in tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA) with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and crown ether (18-crown-6) within 5 min at 40 °C without any pretreatment.

A variety of nanocomposites were prepared using lignin-cellulose nanofibers (L-CNF) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) via a solvent casting process. Acid hydrolysis high-pressure homogenization processes used to produce L-CNF from unbleached kraft pulps. Tensile tests conducted on thin films, the containing 3 wt. % showed 32.4% increase in tensile strength compared that neat PLA. Dynamic mechanical analysis storage modulus increased viscoelastic temperature region with increasing content...

An electrolyte and aprotic solvent mixture were used to prepare cellulose solutions containing nanocrystals (CNCs). All-cellulose composite fibers then produced by dry–wet spinning these solutions. The presence of CNC in the all-cellulose was demonstrated, effects on fiber properties investigated. characterized scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, electronic tensile measurements. These results showed that CNCs...

ABSTRACT A new nanocrystalline cellulose/polysulfone composite membrane was prepared. The membranes were coagulated in different coagulation baths (i.e., water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) and concentrations 10, 30, 50 v/v %). chemical structure of is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. viscosity the casting solutions measured. cross‐section morphology using scanning electron microscopy. mechanical properties also studied. Results showed that connectivity...

Cellulosic nanofibrillar structures had received much attention because of its wide range distribution, renewable and environmentally benign nature perfect mechanical properties. However, as an important component plant fibres, lignin was always removed in paper making process. The waste water contained caused a serious environmental problem. So it to study the application lignin. In this study, different lignin- containing Kraft wood pulps were obtained after chemical treatments. raw...

In the present research, novel polyethersulfone (PES)/lignin–cellulose nanofibril (LCN) blend ultrafiltration membranes with high hydrophilicity and noticeable mechanical properties were prepared via immersion precipitation method. LCN was employed to improve of pure PES membranes. Transmission electron microscopy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) used characterize structure LCN. The performance characterized in terms FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning microscopy, water...

AbstractPolysulfone (PS) composite membranes blended with nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) for ultrafiltration were prepared by a Loeb–Sourirajan phase inversion process. The effect of NCC content, PS and additive content on both permeability morphology studied. surface cross-section morphologies the investigated using scanning electron microscopy porosity mean pore size being compared. experimental result showed that changed significantly aforementioned factors. Through work, proper membrane...

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with directsurface modification in the presence of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (MPS) improve compatibility between polysulfone (PSf) and CNFdue to hydrophobicity PSf hydrophilicity CNF. The conclusion Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer(XPS) indicated that chemical changes have taken place. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed addition M-CNF improved thermal stability PSfmembranes. morphology PSf/MPS...

Abstract Physical and chemical modifications of polymeric ultrafiltration membranes are necessary to improve their hydrophilic properties, strength, other characteristics. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared from pulp by acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis in the presence ultrasonic radiation, properties MCC were evaluated. Through addition a polysulfone (PS) membrane solution, casting solution PS/MCC blend obtained. Subsequently, further developed phase‐inversion process comprising...

Membrane technique is more and used in the papermaking effluent treatment because of advantages environmental, high efficient low energy consumption. In this work, a new cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC)/polysulfone (PSF) composite membrane was prepared with L-S phase invasion to separate effluent. The membranes were coagulated methanol/water coagulation bath different concentration. properties which treat characterized. cross section characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)....