Although cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing widely, the effects of on developmental trajectories, such as whether its remain same between time points or gradually increase, are unclear. This study aimed to examine affects process change in cognition and brain volume. Data from two-time measured longitudinally were analyzed. We used data Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Participants included 11,876 children aged 9–11 years participated at baseline, 10,414 2-year...

A large longitudinal study on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic mental health in children is limited. This large-scale observational examines pandemic's effects children's while considering parental care styles. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study a large-scale, multicenter United States. Of 11,875 aged 9-12 years its database, 4702 subjects were selected for this study. child behavior checklist and monitoring questionnaire (PMQ) used to assess support styles, respectively. Data...

Abstract Background Although the importance of dynamic intra-individual relationship between mother-to-infant bonding and postpartum depressive symptoms has been widely recognized, complex interplay them is not well understood. Furthermore, potential role prenatal infant temperament in this remains unclear. This study aims to examine bidirectional influence on within individuals elucidate whether would deviations from stable individual states. Methods Longitudinal data were collected 433...

Abstract Child maltreatment dysregulates the brain’s oxytocinergic system, resulting in dysfunctional attachment patterns. However, how system children who are maltreated (CM) is epigenetically affected remains unknown. We assessed differences salivary DNA methylation of gene encoding oxytocin ( OXT ) between CM n = 24) and non-CM 31), alongside its impact on brain structures functions using multi-modal imaging (voxel-based morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging, task resting-state functional...

Background: In a previous study, we demonstrated that the accumulation of parenting stress during prolonged school closures and restrictions on daily activities due to COVID-19 pandemic in Japan indicates need for mental health intervention parents at higher risk stress. However, few studies have focused other Asian countries, although they experienced numbers infections. The aim present study was investigate whether among caregivers increased across Asia examine there were any...

Abstract Many studies have explored risk factors for child maltreatment, but little research has focused on situational such as cognitive load, which involves within-individual fluctuation. The current study sought to determine whether load led changes in intention response infant crying. also ascertain state empathy, empathic concern (EC) and personal distress mediated or moderated this relationship. Sixty-six participants completed a memory task (remembering meaningless, two- eight-letter,...

Infant vocalization plays a pivotal role in communicating infant mood to parents and thereby motivating parenting responses. Although many psychological neural responses have been reported, few studies examined maternal approach-avoidance behavior response vocalization. Thus, this research sought determine how emotional affects behavior. Twenty mothers participated behavioral study, all of whom had infants 24 months old or less. In the experiment, they stood on Balance Board that collected...

Reproductive efforts, such as pregnancy, delivery, and interaction with children, make maternal brains optimized for child-rearing. However, extensive studies in non-human species revealed a tradeoff between reproductive effort life expectancy. In humans, large demographic have shown that this is the case most part; however, molecular marker regarding aging remain controversial. There are no simultaneously evaluating relationship effort, aging, brain structures. We therefore examined...

Abstract Child‐rearing mothers with high levels of trait anxiety have a tendency for less adaptive sensory processing, which causes parenting stress. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this processing and remain unclear. We aimed to determine whole‐brain spontaneous activity characteristics in varying stress levels. Using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed caring more than one preschool aged (2–5 years) child presenting anxiety, Spontaneous activities...

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused mental health issues in both adults and adolescents. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) Obsession with COVID-19 (OCS) questionnaires measure anxiety persistent disturbed thoughts (also known as obsessions) related to COVID-19. We developed Japanese versions of the CAS ( i.e. , CAS-JA) OCS OCS-JA) make them suitable for adolescents validated characteristics these scales. Methods Two online surveys were administered high school...

Infant stimuli attract caregiver attention and motivate parenting behavior. Studies have confirmed the existence of attentional bias toward infant face stimuli; however, relatively little is known about whether exists for cry stimuli, which are as important faces in child-rearing situations. Furthermore, scarce longitudinal evidence on how crying changes through postpartum period. In present study, we conducted an experiment to assess at two time points: Time 1 (Mean = 75.24 days), 45...

The defoliation and mortality of Erythrina spp. are increasing on the southern islands Japan as well in Taiwan. Although infestation by gall wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae has been accepted cause decline, its role death hosts never investigated. We thus studied focusing physiological changes any contributions microorganisms. From declining defoliated trees, Fusarium sp. within F. solani species complex (FSSC) clade 3 was primarily detected, especially from discolored xylem necrotic phloem...

SYNOPSISObjective: Infant cry, a major stressor for caregivers, is one of the leading triggers child abuse. The present study examined effects spousal support, presence, and possible moderating effect attachment insecurity on individuals' subjective physiological responses to infant cry. Design: Thirty-one healthy mothers (M age = 36 years) their spouses participated in an crying paradigm, where were tasked listen cries under three conditions: (1) alone, (2) same room as partner, without...

Infants communicate their emotions to caregivers mainly through vocalizations. Research has shown that maternal oxytocin levels relate adaptive parenting; however, little empirical research exists regarding the effects of endogenous on responses infant Thus, in this study, we examined relationship between mothers' salivary levels, subjective feelings, and behavioral response infants' emotional Additionally, psychological traits In 39 mothers were asked stand a balance board while listening...

Infant crying is an important signal for their survival and development, maternal beliefs about predict responsiveness to crying. Most studies have considered caregivers’ reactions be fixed, it unclear how they change with caregiving experience. Additionally, has recently been suggested that there a bidirectional relationship between changes in mothers’ infants’ temperament. This study examined using longitudinal design. Maternal infant temperament of 339 Asian first-time mothers (mean age =...

SYNOPSISInfant crying is one of the parenting stressors, and our research suggests that presence spouse has a stress relieving effect in mothers with high attachment anxiety. Its mechanism is, however, still unclear. Here we will discuss possible again corresponding to commentaries. First, briefly review difficulties individuals insecurity face situation cause why spousal smooth out focusing on role oxytocin. Second, point potential issues which presuppose linear relationship between...

Abstract Infants communicate their emotions to caregivers through cries and laughter. Recent work suggests that adaptive parenting requires cognitive regulation of intuitive behaviors toward infants’ signals. In this study, we examined the effects on mothers’ unconscious behavioral cardiac responses infant laughs. all, 55 mothers took part in study. To manipulate load, were asked memorize alphabet characters (two letters low load condition eight high condition). Then, they heard...

Abstract A large longitudinal study on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic mental health in children is limited. This large-scale observational examines pandemic’s effects children’s while considering parental care styles. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development a large-scale, multicenter United States. Of 11,875 aged 9–12 years its database, 4,885 subjects were selected for this study. child behavior checklist and monitoring questionnaire (PMQ) used to assess support styles, respectively....