Sensitivity and resistance to the effects of sodium were evaluated in normotensive hypertensive humans by two approaches. Blood pressure was measured after an intravenous infusion 2 L normal (0.9%) saline volume depletion induced a low diet furosemide administration 378 volunteers 198 subjects with essential hypertension. Those whom mean arterial blood decreased at least 10 mm Hg considered sodium-sensitive, those decrease 5 or less (including increase pressure) sodium-resistant. The second...

Background— Blacks have disproportionately high rates of cardiovascular disease. Psychosocial stress may contribute to this disparity. Previous trials on reduction with the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program reported improvements in disease risk factors, surrogate end points, and mortality blacks other populations. Methods Results— This was a randomized, controlled trial 201 black men women coronary heart who were randomized TM or health education. The primary point composite all-cause...

We studied the blood pressure, natriuretic, kaliuretic and humoral responses of 347 normal subjects after volume expansion contraction to examine possible differences among whites, blacks different ages. According outpatient 24-hour urine collections, excreted less sodium potassium than whites. After similar states intake were achieved all subjects, 2 liters saline given i.v. Blacks greater or equal 40 years whites years, over a period. In addition, potassium. The delay in excretion occurred...

Genetic factors are known to play an important role in the variations blood pressure levels. However, genetic that explain higher average levels of western hemisphere blacks when compared with African have not been seriously considered. Because makeup a population is largely determined by biological and ecological forces past, examination biohistory blacks, specifically slavery era, was conducted. An overview salient findings investigation included this article. The published historical...

Blacks have a high prevalence of hypertension and adrenal cortical adenomas/hyperplasia. We evaluated the hypothesis that steroids are associated with metabolic syndrome in blacks. Ambulatory blood pressures, anthropometric measurements, measurements plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, fasting lipids, glucose, insulin were obtained 397 subjects (46% hypertensive 50% female) after discontinuing antihypertensive lipid-lowering medications. Hypertension was defined as average ambulatory...

To identify characteristics that may contribute to salt sensitivity, we conducted studies of normal subjects who are at risk for hypertension, namely blacks, older than 40 years age, and first-degree relatives with essential hypertension. We also formulated definitions sensitivity resistance a short-term volume expansion contraction protocol additionally from data derived long-term reduced dietary intake. examined the effects augmented potassium calcium intake those sodium as chloride or...

To examine the effects of a wide range sodium intake on plasma and urinary norepinephrine values in normal man, we studied 14 men at six levels from 10 to 1500 mEq/24 hrs.Mean blood pressure increased 83.8 ± 1 (SEM) 1003 3 mm Hg, while cardiac index 2.6 0.1 3.6 03 llters/min/m (p < 0.001).Upright venous concentration decreased 467 ±63 67 24 pg/ml, excretion 543 3.4 23.4 2.9 Mg/24 hrs.There was no effect responses isometric hand-grip contraction.The inversely correlated with (r = -0.46,p...

The impact of diet on blood pressure and the age-related changes in have been difficult to detect within one population. We designed this analysis study association major dietary factors with a representative sample US population.Data were obtained all individuals 20 years or older (n = 17 030) surveyed Third National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), including demographic data, anthropometric intake (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, protein, alcohol, total energy)...

A radioimmunoassay procedure for the measurement of urinary 18-oxocortisol was developed. The antibody raised against 3-carboxymethyloxime-BSA and had relatively high specificity, except aldosterone (26.3%). RIA required a preliminary HPLC purification using Lichrosorb diol column eluted with toluene:acetonitrile:isopropanol:acetic acid (83:11.9:5.1:0.01). eluate portion corresponding to evaporated subjected RIA. an intraassay variability 11% when pool containing 10.8 μg/24 hr (n=6) 17% 3.28...

To facilitate the identification of patients with renal vascular hypertension, we evaluated four potential screening tests: rapid-sequence urography, systolic diastolic abdominal bruit, upright plasma renin activity (PRA), and response to saralasin infusion. Our study included 379 normal subjects, 199 essential hypertensive angiograms, 64 surgically responsive hypertension. Thirty-nine percent hypertension had systolic-diastolic bruits, 76% abnormal urograms, 27% a PRA > 30 ng angiotensin...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate relationship aldosterone blood pressure and left ventricular size in black American (n=109) white French Canadian (n=73) patients with essential hypertension. Measurements were obtained off antihypertensive medications included 24-hour monitoring, plasma renin activity aldosterone, an echocardiogram. Compared Canadians, Americans had higher body mass indexes, systolic pressures, attenuated nighttime reduction pressure, lower serum potassium...

Abstract Multiple heritable traits are associated with essential (genetic) hypertension in humans. Because chromogranin A is increased both human and rodent genetic hypertension, we examined the influence of heredity blood pressure on In estimates derived from among- within-pair variance monozygotic versus dizygotic twins, plasma displayed significant (F 15,18 =2.93, P =.016) (ς 2 g ), its broad-sense heritability was high ( h B =0.983). Plasma (99.9±6.7 62.8±4.7 ng/mL, &lt;.001) but...

Genetic and environmental influences on left ventricular mass were examined in normotensive black twins. Left was measured echocardiographically 7 sets of monozygotic (MZ) 15 dizygotic (DZ) twins adjusted for body surface area (LVMI). Regression analyses showed significant effects gender (R2 = 0.48; P < .01), systolic blood pressure 0.21; .01) age 0.10; .05) LVMI but did not show an effect either diastolic or caloric expenditure. Monozygotic smaller within-pair differences (7 ± 5) than DZ...

Previous studies have reported an exaggerated natriuresis in hypertensive man; however, a systematic appraisal of this response various forms hypertension has not been made. We measured fractional excretion sodium (FENa) during four hour intravenous infusion 2 liters normal saline 162 subjects and 120 hypertensives. Of these, 13 had primary aldosteronism (ALDO), 19 high renin (HRH), 30 low (LRH), 57 (NRH) essential hypertension. FENa for normals (1.42%), NRH (1.57%), HRH (1.46%) was similar....

Twenty-six patients with renal vascular hypertension were treated percutaneous transluminal dilatation. Twenty-one followed for more than 1 year; 18 underwent repeat angiography. Recurrence of stenosis was shown angiographically in one six fibromuscular disease and 12 atherosclerotic disease. The procedure likely to result cure (six 10) (one 16). Although angioplasty provides the advantages simplicity, reduced cost, probably risk, long-term utility remains be established. A prospective...

Our long-term objective is to identify genes whose expression results in hypertension and phenotypic changes that may contribute hypertension. The purpose of the present study was describe evidence for heritability hypertension-related phenotypes hypertensive, hyperlipidemic black sib pairs. Outpatient anthropomorphic measurements were obtained >200 affected In addition, 68 these pairs studied under controlled, standardized conditions at an inpatient clinical research center while off both...