A5046416771- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Treatment of Major Depression
- Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Epilepsy research and treatment
- Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Neurological and metabolic disorders
- Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Behavioral and Psychological Studies
University of Hertfordshire
2016-2025
Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust
2016-2025
Addenbrooke's Hospital
2011-2025
University of Cambridge
2016-2025
National Health Service
2016-2025
University of Duisburg-Essen
2018-2024
Eötvös Loránd University
2018-2024
Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2024
Zero to Three
2023
Queen Elizabeth II Hospital
2013-2022
The purpose of this study was to examine whether insulin's effect vasodilate skeletal muscle vasculature is mediated by endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO). N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a specific inhibitor NO synthase, administered directly into the femoral artery normal subjects at dose 16 mg/min and leg blood flow (LBF) measured during an infusion saline (NS) or euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (HIC) designed approximately double LBF. In response intrafemoral L-NMMA, LBF...
As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and "staying at home" curb its spread impact. The fear resulting from disease, 'lockdown' situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding future, financial insecurity raise level stress, anxiety, depression experienced by people all around world. Psychoactive substances other reinforcing behaviors (e.g., gambling, video gaming, watching pornography) are often used reduce stress anxiety...
This revision of the 2005 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines evidence-based pharmacological treatment anxiety disorders provides an update on key steps in diagnosis and clinical management, including recognition, acute treatment, longer-term combination further approaches patients who have not responded to first-line interventions. A consensus meeting involving international experts reviewed main subject areas considered strength supporting evidence its implications. The...
These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines cover the range and aims of treatment anxiety disorders. They are based explicitly on available evidence presented as recommendations to aid clinical decision making in primary secondary medical care. may also serve a source information patients their carers. The together with more detailed review evidence. A consensus meeting involving experts disorders reviewed main subject areas considered strength its implications. were...
Why do we repeat choices that know are bad for us? Decision making is characterized by the parallel engagement of two distinct systems, goal-directed and habitual, thought to arise from computational learning mechanisms, model-based model-free. The habitual system a candidate source pathological fixedness. Using decision task measures contribution either mechanism, show bias towards model-free (habit) acquisition in disorders involving both natural (binge eating) artificial (methamphetamine)...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive, ritualistic behaviors and thought patterns. Although patients with OCD report that these compulsive are unproductive often senseless, they unable to desist. This study investigated whether the urge perform acts mediated a disruption in balance between flexible, goal-directed action control habitual behavior.A total of 21 30 healthy comparison subjects participated set tasks designed assess relative versus behavioral control....
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive thoughts and behaviors associated with underlying dysregulation of frontostriatal circuitry. Central to neurobiological models OCD the orbitofrontal cortex, a neural region that facilitates behavioral flexibility after negative feedback (reversal learning). We identified abnormally reduced activation several cortical regions, including lateral during reversal learning in patients their clinically unaffected close relatives,...
<b><i><i>Background:</i></i></b> Hyperglycemia at the time of acute ischemic stroke has been linked to worse outcome in both human and animal studies. <b><i><i>Objective:</i></i></b> To describe prevalence severity hyperglycemia on hospital admission among patients, examine independent relationship all-cause mortality, document inpatient management hyperglycemia. <b><i><i>Methods:</i></i></b> Patients hospitalized with one from July 1993 June 1998 (n = 656) were identified. Demographic data,...
Problems with inhibiting certain pathological behaviors are integral to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), trichotillomania, and other putative spectrum disorders. The authors assessed compared motor inhibition cognitive flexibility in OCD trichotillomania for the first time, their knowledge.The Stop-Signal Task Intradimensiona/Extradimensional Shift were administered 20 patients OCD, 17 healthy comparison subjects.Both showed impaired of responses. For deficit was worse than degree...
Endophenotypes (intermediate phenotypes) are objective, heritable, quantitative traits hypothesized to represent genetic risk for polygenic disorders at more biologically tractable levels than distal behavioural and clinical phenotypes. It is theorized that endophenotype models of disease will help clarify both diagnostic classification aetiological understanding complex brain such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To investigate endophenotypes in OCD, we measured structure using...
Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly heritable. Attempts to delineate precise genetic contributions have met with limited success. There an ongoing search for intermediate cognitive brain markers (endophenotypes) that may help clarify contributions. The aim was assess inhibitory control processes in unaffected first-degree relatives of OCD patients the first time objective tests. Method: Intradimensional/Extradimensional Shift, Stop-Signal, and Cambridge Gamble tasks were...
BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition that typically manifests in compulsive urges to perform irrational or excessive avoidance behaviors. A recent account has suggested compulsivity OCD might arise from stimulus-response habit formation, rendering behavior insensitive goal value. We tested if patients have bias toward habits using novel shock task. To explore how habits, as putative model of compulsivity, relate obsessions and anxiety, we recorded measures...
The Internet is now all-pervasive across much of the globe. While it has positive uses (e.g. prompt access to information, rapid news dissemination), many individuals develop Problematic Use (PUI), an umbrella term incorporating a range repetitive impairing behaviours. can act as conduit for, and may contribute to, functionally behaviours including excessive compulsive video gaming, sexual behaviour, buying, gambling, streaming or social networks use. There growing public National health...
Gambling and gaming disorders have been included as "disorders due to addictive behaviors" in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Other problematic behaviors may be considered "other specified (6C5Y)."
A recent hypothesis has suggested that core deficits in goal-directed behavior obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are caused by impaired frontostriatal function. We tested this OCD patients and control subjects relating measures of planning cognitive flexibility to underlying resting-state functional connectivity.Multiecho acquisition, combined with micromovement correction blood oxygen level-dependent sensitive independent component analysis, was used obtain vivo connectivity 44 43 healthy...