A5036398699- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
- Marine and fisheries research
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Marine animal studies overview
- Connexins and lens biology
- Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Circular RNAs in diseases
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Heavy metals in environment
- Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
University of Auckland
2012-2023
MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
2022
Victoria University of Wellington
2022
Harvard University
2003-2007
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2007
University of Edinburgh
1994
National Cancer Institute
1990
University of St Andrews
1982-1989
University of Glasgow
1977-1978
Significance Antarctic notothenioid fishes are protected from freezing by antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that bind to invading ice crystals and inhibit their growth. Paradoxically, accumulation of AFP-stabilized could be lethal. Whether how eliminate internal is unknown; one hypothesis it melts during summer warming episodes. However, prior in vitro evidence indicates AFPs also melting. Our study establishes pronounced melting inhibition occurs vivo (i.e., superheated inside fishes). long-term...
Abstract We have devised a new in vitro culture system which cells from dissociated Drosophila leg and wing imaginal discs grow differentiate. Primary cultures consist of epithelial fibroblast-like cells, together with some lamellocyte-like cells. These given rise to continuously dividing cell lines, epithelial, fibroblast-like, distinct sickle-shaped are found. Vesicles composed form primary these differentiate cuticular structures under the influence 20-hydroxyecdysone. Two types...
Phylogenetically diverse polar and subpolar marine teleost fishes have evolved antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or glycoproteins (AFGPs) to avoid inoculative freezing by internalized ice. For over three decades since the first fish (AF) protein was discovered, many studies of avoidance showed hepatic AF synthesis distribution within circulation as pivotal in preventing blood, therefore fish, from freezing. We uncovered an important twist this long-held paradigm: complete absence liver AFGPs any...
Helper (CD4 + )‐to‐suppressor (CD8 ) T‐cell ratios were determined by flow cytometry for 12 patients with early‐onset forms of periodontal disease and their appropriate controls. When considered as a group, showed markedly depressed CD4 /CD8 ratio relative to controls (means 0·92 1·50 respectively). This difference was significant at the 0·0015% level Mann‐Whitney test. Separate analysis either juvenile or rapidly progressive types both have reduced 0·91 0·92) 1·57 1·45) which statistically...
Fishes from both Arctic and Antarctic waters produce antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) that modify inhibit the growth of ice crystals, allowing them to survive in extreme cold conditions. These exhibit thermal hysteresis activity, i.e. they work a non-colligative manner, separating melting freezing points solution. Such compounds have many potential applications; unfortunately their development is hampered by difficulty obtaining pure material. The synthesis AFGPs therefore challenge numerous...
Abstract We report the analyses of a dataset spanning 39 years near‐annual fishing for Dissostichus mawsoni in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, 1972–2011. Data on total length, condition and catch per unit effort ( CPUE ) were derived from > 5500 fish caught, large majority which measured, tagged released. Contrary to expectation, length frequency Sound was dominated by upper two‐thirds overall distribution exhibited industrial Ross Sea shelf. Fish increased early 1970s 1990s then decreased....
SUMMARY Antarctic notothenioids, along with many other polar marine fishes, have evolved biological antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to survive in their icy environments. The larvae of notothenioid fish hatch into the same frigid environment inhabited by adults, suggesting that they must also be protected sufficient AFPs, but this has never been verified. We determined contribution AFPs freezing resistance three species: Gymnodraco acuticeps, Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Pleuragramma antarcticum....
There is a significant and growing research interest in the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from large volumes biological samples their subsequent concentration into clean small buffers, especially for applications medical diagnostics. Materials that are easily incorporated simple sampling devices which allow release EVs without need auxiliary hence contaminating reagents particularly demand. Herein, we report on design fabrication flexible, microporous, electrochemically...
Abstract The locomotory behaviour of peripheral blood neutrophils (PMNs) from patients with juvenile (JP) and rapidly progressive (RPP) forms early‐onset periodontal disease was studied using the under agarose technique n‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP) as chemotractant. PMNs experimental showed normal random, chemotactic chemokinetic when compared control subjects. Further investigation single‐cell movements time‐lapse video analysis also failed to show any significant...
Abstract Despite some reports to the contrary, it is generally assumed that early‐onset forms of periodontal disease (including both juvenile and rapidly progressive periodontitis) are associated with a defect in neutrophil (PMN) chemotactic behaviour. Using Boyden chamber technique N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP) assess locomotion by leading front method, we have failed show any evidence for such depressed PMN locomotion. Indeed, when chemotaxis chemokinesis considered...
Electrochemical techniques offer great opportunities for the capture of chemical and biological entities from complex mixtures their subsequent release into clean buffers analysis. Such methods are clean, robust, rapid, compatible with a wide range fluids. Here, we designed an electrochemically addressable system, based on conducting terpolymer [P(EDOT-co-EDOTSAc-co-EDOTEG)] coated onto carbon cloth substrate, to selectively using simple electrochemical redox process. The composition was...
Abstract Antarctic fishes survive freezing through the secretion of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), which bind to ice crystals inhibit their growth. This mode action implies that must be present internally for AFGPs function. The entry and internal accumulation is likely lethal, however, so how do in its presence? We propose a novel function interaction between AFGPs, namely promotion uptake by splenic phagocytes. show here i) external mucus notothenioids contains thus has potential...
Abstract Development of dielectrophoretic (DEP) arrays for real‐time imaging embryonic organisms is described. Microelectrode were used trapping both embryonated eggs and larval stages Antarctic nematode Panagrolaimus davidi . Ellipsoid single‐shell model was also applied to study the interactions between DEP fields developing multicellular organisms. This work provides proof‐of‐concept application chip‐based technologies analysis individual embryos trapped under force.
Oligonucleotide hybridization to a complementary sequence that is covalently attached an electrochemically active conducting polymer (ECP) coating the working electrode of electrochemical cell causes increase in reaction impedance for ferro-ferricyanide redox couple. We demonstrate use this effect measure, real time, progress DNA polymerase chain (PCR) amplification minor component extract. The forward primer ECP. solution contains other PCR components and Each cycle gives easily measurable...
Nesting sites of the naked dragonfish Gymnodraco acuticeps have been identified in 15–35 m water under fast ice adjacent to McMurdo Station, making it possible examine embryonic development and early larval growth. Egg-laying (predominantly October) is preceded by a distinctive whirling behavioural pattern driven male prodding side female's abdomen. The eggs (3.42 ± 0.19 mm diameter) are laid on rocks as single adherent layer ( c. 2500 per patch). Development unusually protracted, first...
The research reported here considers the modification of ice crystal growth habit using analogues antifreeze glycoproteins: compounds that control crystals in blood Antarctic fishes. A range smallest glycoprotein (AFGP8: Ala-Ala-Thr-Ala-Ala-Thr-Pro-Ala-Thr-Ala-Ala-Thr-Pro-Ala) were synthesized, all which have either N-acetyl-galactosamine or galactose moieties attached to their threonines instead native galactose-N-acetyl-galactosamine disaccharide. We also synthesized prolines substituted...
Trematomus bernacchii sampled from two sites at Ross Island, Antarctica, were assessed for condition (gonadal and hepatic somatic indices factor), pathological state (liver gill histology), metal (Zn, Cu, Cd Ni) concentrations, metallothionein induction by quantitative competitive (qc) RT‐PCR. Fish a polluted site (Winter Quarters Bay) had anomalies including necrosis periductal inflammation in their livers, X‐cell disease, epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion aneurysms gills. Such less...